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Paratacamite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About ParatacamiteHide

Formula:
Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Colour:
Green to greenish-black.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
3.72 - 3.74
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for its relationship to atacamite.
Atacamite Group.
A secondary copper mineral. Easily confused with the closely related Clinoatacamite.

Derivatives are paratacamite-(Mg) and paratacamite-(Ni).

Also closely related to Herbertsmithite and Gillardite (both have halved a-axes by comparison to paratacamite).
On heating paratacamite reversibly transforms into herbertsmithite between 353 and 393 K (Welch et al., 2014).

Paratacamite contains essential zinc; therefore it is not a polymorph of atacamite.

"Ni-bearing paratacamite": compare Gillardite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3115
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3115:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
76d711d3-2047-4fce-aa89-6623757203c3

IMA Classification of ParatacamiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)6

Classification of ParatacamiteHide

3.DA.10c

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
Dana 7th ed.:
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.1

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
1 : A2(O,OH)3Xq
8.2.5

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
PataIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of ParatacamiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ParatacamiteHide

Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Green to greenish-black.
Streak:
Green
Hardness:
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {1011}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.72 - 3.74 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.75 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ParatacamiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.833 - 1.837 nε = 1.826 - 1.830
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.007
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O > E; green to blue-green
Comments:
may be anomalously B(-), with 2V° < 10°

Chemistry of ParatacamiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Common Impurities:
Zn

Crystallography of ParatacamiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.654(5) Å, c = 14.041(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.028
Unit Cell V:
2,266.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
24
Morphology:
Rhombohedral. Granular massive.
Twinning:
On {1011} common; polysynthetic at times.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009525ParatacamiteFleet M E (1975) The crystal structure of paratacamite, Cu2(OH)3Cl Acta Crystallographica B31 183-18719750293
0009526ParatacamiteFleet M E (1975) The crystal structure of paratacamite, Cu2(OH)3Cl Acta Crystallographica B31 183-18719750293
0009527ParatacamiteFleet M E (1975) The crystal structure of paratacamite, Cu2(OH)3Cl Acta Crystallographica B31 183-18719750293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.46 Å(100)
2.750 Å(80)
2.258 Å(60)
1.704 Å(45)
1.813 Å(35)
2.888 Å(30)
4.67 Å(25)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zones of copper deposits, especially in arid climates.

Type Occurrence of ParatacamiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 86958; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 95146.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Smith, G.F.H. and Prior, G.T. (1906) Paratacamite, a new oxychloride of copper. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 14, n° 65, 170-177.

Synonyms of ParatacamiteHide

Other Language Names for ParatacamiteHide

Relationship of Paratacamite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
AtacamiteCu2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
BotallackiteCu2(OH)3ClMon. 2/m : P21/m
ClinoatacamiteCu2(OH)3ClMon. 2/m
GillarditeCu3Ni(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
HaydeeiteCu3Mg(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
HibbingiteFe2+2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
IyoiteMnCuCl(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
KapellasiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
KempiteMn2+2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
LeverettiteCu3Co(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
MisakiiteCu3Mn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
Paratacamite-(Mg)Cu3(Mg,Cu)(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
Paratacamite-(Ni)Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
TondiiteCu3Mg(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)CuZnCl(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
60 photos of Paratacamite associated with QuartzSiO2
34 photos of Paratacamite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
31 photos of Paratacamite associated with BoleiteKPb26Ag9Cu24(OH)48Cl62
28 photos of Paratacamite associated with AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
24 photos of Paratacamite associated with ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
12 photos of Paratacamite associated with PseudoboleitePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)48
11 photos of Paratacamite associated with ChalcociteCu2S
10 photos of Paratacamite associated with BotallackiteCu2(OH)3Cl
10 photos of Paratacamite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
9 photos of Paratacamite associated with TenoriteCuO

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

3.DA.CentennialiteCaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
3.DA.MuonionalustaiteNi3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.ParahibbingiteFe2(OH)3ClTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DA.BounahasiteCu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2Mon. 2/m
3.DA.05MelanothalliteCu2Cl2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Fddd
3.DA.10aAtacamiteCu2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10bBotallackiteCu2(OH)3ClMon. 2/m : P21/m
3.DA.10bClinoatacamiteCu2(OH)3ClMon. 2/m
3.DA.10aHibbingiteFe2+2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10aKempiteMn2+2(OH)3ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.DA.10cKuliginiteFe3Mg(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10bBelloiteCu(OH)ClMon. 2/m : P21/b
3.DA.10cHerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DA.10cKapellasiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10cGillarditeCu3Ni(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DA.10cHaydeeiteCu3Mg(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10cLeverettiteCu3Co(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10cParatacamite-(Ni)Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3 : R3
3.DA.10cTondiiteCu3Mg(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DA.10cMisakiiteCu3Mn(OH)6Cl2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
3.DA.10bIyoiteMnCuCl(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
3.DA.10bUnnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)CuZnCl(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
3.DA.15ClaringbulliteCu4ClF(OH)6Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
3.DA.15BarlowiteCu4BrF(OH)6Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
3.DA.20SimonkolleiteZn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
3.DA.25ButtgenbachiteCu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2OHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
3.DA.25ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2OHex. 6 m2 : P62c
3.DA.30AbhuriteSn21Cl16(OH)14O6Trig. 3 2 : R3 2
3.DA.35PonomareviteK4Cu4Cl10OMon. 2/m : B2/b
3.DA.40AnthonyiteCu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m
3.DA.40CalumetiteCaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
3.DA.45KhaidarkaniteCu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.50BobkingiteCu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DA.55AvdoniniteK2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
3.DA.60DroninoiteNi6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
3.DA.70ChrysothalliteK6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DA.70DioskouriiteCaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
3.DA.75FeodosiyiteCu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
3.DA.80RomanorloviteK8Cu6Cl17(OH)3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ParatacamiteHide

References for ParatacamiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for ParatacamiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Western Antarctica
Vennum +1 other reference
Arctic Ocean
 
  • Norwegian Sea
    • Mohns Ridge
Kravchishina et al. (2023)
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
de Brodtkorb +2 other references
  • Río Negro Province
    • Veinticinco de Mayo Department
American Mineralogist (1978) +1 other reference
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
Gablina et al. (2006)
Maslennikov et al. (2023)
Gablina et al. (2018)
Fouquet et al. (1993)
Milinovic +6 other references
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.26 (1988)
Gablina et al. (2017)
  • Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
    • 26°S hydrothermal field
Meng et al. (2021)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
Birch et al. (1997)
  • Northern Territory
    • Barkly Region
      • Hatches Creek
Ryan (1961)
      • Tennant Creek
Teale (1995)
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Cloncurry
      • Selwyn District
  • South Australia
    • Copper Coast Council
      • Kadina
Wilson (2019)
      • Wallaroo
Pring (1988)
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Boolcoomatta Reserve (Boolcoomata Station)
Vera Munro-Smith (2006)
      • Burr Well
Personal Collection of Mark Willoughby
      • Copley
John G G Morton Collection
      • Iron Knob
Pring et al. (2000)
      • Oakden Hills
        • Mt Gunson mine
Noble R.J. +1 other reference
      • Wadnaminga goldfield
Pring et al. (1987)
  • Tasmania
    • Central Coast municipality
www.crocoite.com (2003)
      • Penguin
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Circular Head municipality
      • Balfour-Temma district
        • Temma
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Victoria
    • Bass Coast Shire
      • Phillip Island
Birch (1988)
    • Mornington Peninsula Shire
      • Flinders area
  • Western Australia
    • Ashburton Shire
Nickel et al. (1993)
Min. Record 24 (1993)
Nickel et al. (1993)
Grice et al. (1991)
Min. Record 24 (1993)
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Nepean
Jacobson et al. (2007)
      • Widgiemooltha
Colchester et al. +1 other reference
Nickel et al. (1977)
    • Exmouth Shire
MacLeod (1991)
    • Leonora Shire
      • Eulaminna (Murrin Murrin mining centre)
Sue Koepke collection via Jiri Just
    • Meekatharra Shire
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
      • Mount Vernon Station
Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... +1 other reference
    • Menzies Shire
      • Menangina Station
Pryce et al. (1974) +2 other references
    • Upper Gascoyne Shire
      • Mangaroon Station
Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... +1 other reference
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Waidhofen an der Thaya District
      • Raabs an der Thaya
        • Eibenstein an der Thaya
Niedermayr (1997)
Canada
 
  • Nova Scotia
    • Cumberland Co.
      • Greenhill
Sabina (2015) +1 other reference
    • Hants Co.
Boyle (1972)
    • Pictou Co.
Sabina (1965)
  • Ontario
    • Timiskaming District
      • Cobalt-Gowganda region
        • Cobalt area
          • Coleman Township
Sabina (2000)
  • Prince Edward Island
Sabina (1965)
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • Abitibi RCM
        • Launay
Crook III et al. (1979)
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Val-des-Sources
179-181. +2 other references
    • Montréal
Tarassoff et al. (2006)
Cayman Islands
 
  • Mid-Cayman Rise
Webber et al. (2015)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Antofagasta
Cameron et al. (2007)
      • Baquedano
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
      • Cuevitas
        • San Cristóbal
Smith et al. (1906) +1 other reference
Camus et al. (1991)
      • Mejillones
        • Mejillones peninsula
SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy by Joy ...
Pieczonka et al. (2017)
        • Caracoles mining district
          • Caracoles
Smith et al. (1906) +1 other reference
Smith et al. (1906) +1 other reference
Neues Jahrbuch Min. Mon.: 1996:188-192. (much of it here is zincian)
          • Quebrada Honda
Knut Eldjarn specimen
"Identified as paratacamite by PXRD at AMNH (1985) +1 other reference
M.Dini & A.Molina collections-analysed ...
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
        • Chuquicamata District
Cook (1978)
          • Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster)
Palache et al. (1951)
    • Tocopilla province
      • Caracoles
Maurizio Dini collection (analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter)
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
      • María Elena
SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy by Joy ...
  • Arica y Parinacota
    • Arica Province
      • Caleta Vítor mining district
Maurizio Dini (sample analysed by Tony Kampf, senior curator of NHM of LAC, California)
  • Atacama
    • Chañaral Province
      • Chañaral
        • El Salado
Collected by Skip Szenics. In the ...
          • Cerro Negro mining district
Maurizio Dini collection
Bob Jenkins & M. Dini collections
    • Copiapó Province
      • Cabeza de Vaca mining district
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Tierra Amarilla
        • Candelaria Copper mining complex
Palache et al. (1951)
        • Las Pintadas mining district
          • Cerro Pintado
        • Pampa Larga mining district
          • Alacrán
samples analysed by Gerhard Moehn and ...
samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ...
    • Huasco Province
      • Vallenar
Min. Magazine +2 other references
  • Tarapacá
    • Iquique Province
      • Iquique
samples analysed by Anthony Kampf
      • Santa Rosa-Huantajaya mining district (Huantajaya mining district)
SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy by Joy ...
    • Tamarugal Province
      • Huara
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter
      • Pozo Almonte
        • Cerro Challacollo
maurizio dini collection - analysed ...
M.Dini & A.Molina collection
      • Quebrada Maní
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
China
 
  • Xinjiang
    • Turpan
      • Shanshan Co.
        • Kanggur-Xifengshan gold belt
Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007)
Egypt
 
  • Red Sea Governorate
Ismail (2017) +1 other reference
France
 
  • Brittany
    • Finistère
      • Châteaulin
        • Crozon
R.PIERROT et al. (1973)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
Favreau et al. (2024)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992)
        • Seelbach
          • Seelbach
            • Weiler
Walenta (1989) +1 other reference
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
        • Nentershausen
          • Süß
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Langelsheim
        • Astfeld
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Märkischer Kreis
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
            • Helmke quarry nature reserve
www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.info (n.d.)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
Wittern (2001)
Blaß et al. (1999)
    • Cologne
      • Euskirchen
        • Kall
Blaß et al. (1995)
    • Düsseldorf
      • Essen
        • Dellwig
Weiß (1990)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
Gröbner et al. (2002)
          • Sounion
            • Cato Sounio mines
Hanke (1998)
Lapis et al. (1999) +2 other references
40 (in German) +2 other references
Gelaude et al. (1996)
Gelaude et al. (1996)
ko Jansen. +1 other reference
Gelaude et al. (1996)
  • South Aegean
    • Milos
      • Milos Island
Alfieris et al. (2005)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
      • Rudabánya
Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
Indian Ocean
 
  • Central Indian Ridge
Wang et al. (2018)
  • Southwest Indian Ridge
Wang et al. (2014)
Iran
 
  • Hormozgan Province
    • Qeshm County
      • Qeshm Island
Michal Filippi (2002)
  • Isfahan Province
    • Nain County
      • Anarak District
S. Weiß: Lapis 29 (12)
Israel
 
  • Southern District (HaDarom District)
    • Eilat
Shlomovitch et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Bartura et al. (1974)
Italy
 
  • Campania
    • Metropolitan City of Naples
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
      • Ottaviano
Ragone et al. (1997)
Pelloux (1927) +2 other references
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Genoa
        • Varenna Valley
Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin)
    • Savona Province
      • Magliolo
analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf
  • Sardinia
    • Sassari Province
      • Sassari
Orlandi et al. (2007) +1 other reference
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Domusnovas
Stara et al. (1996)
      • Furtei
Da Pelo et al. (2000)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Campiglia Marittima
Marco Bonifazi collection +1 other reference
      • Capoliveri
Garavelli (1955)
      • Piombino
Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references
      • Rio
        • Rio Marina
          • Cavo
            • Fornacelle and Rio Albano Mines
AA. VV.
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Nishiuwa District
      • Ikata (Sadamisaki Peninsula)
...
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Satsumasendai City
      • Koshiki Archipelago
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) +1 other reference
Jordan
 
  • Aqaba Governorate
Kim et al. (2021)
Mexico
 
  • Baja California Sur
    • Mulegé Municipality
      • Santa Rosalía
Moore (1998)
          • Arroyo de la Soledad
Bariand et al. (1998)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Tinghir Province
      • Alnif Cercle
        • Oumjrane mining area
Lykova et al. (2023)
Namibia
 
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Oranjemund Constituency
      • Rosh Pinah
von Bezing (2007)
New Zealand
 
  • Waikato Region
    • Taupo District
      • Orakeikorako Thermal Area (Orakei Korako; The Hidden Valley)
Rod Martin et al. (NZ)
Nicaragua
 
  • León Department
    • Cerro Negro Volcano
www.excaliburmineral.com
Norway
 
  • Vestfold
    • Horten
      • Borre
        • Løvøya
Larsen (2016)
Peru
 
  • Ica
    • Nazca Province
      • Marcona District
Yuming Chen and Kaitian Wang (2008)
    • Pisco Province
      • Humay District
Hyrsl et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
        • Komorniki
Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data (2018)
Portugal
 
  • Castelo Branco
    • Vila Velha de Ródão
      • Vila Velha de Ródão
Romania
 
  • Hunedoara County
    • Boșorod
Onac et al. (2002)
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture)
          • Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
            • Second scoria cone
N. V. Chukanov et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mecca Region
Surour (2015)
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
        • Aggeneys
Meyer et al. (1986)
  • Western Cape
    • Central Karoo District Municipality
      • Beaufort West Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Sierra Almagrera
Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...
      • Huércal-Overa
        • Cuesta Alta
          • Cerro Minado Mines
VIÑALS et al. (2004)
      • Níjar
        • Pozo de Los Frailes
Castro et al. (2019)
        • Rodalquilar
          • Cerro de los Guardias
Christiane & Jean-Robert Eytier ...
        • San José
gr-mulhacen.foroactivo.com (n.d.)
      • Pechina
        • Baños de Alhamilla
Rewitzer et al. (part2)
    • Córdoba
      • El Guijo
A. Carmona & I. Ramos Collection.
  • Murcia
    • Cartagena
      • Cabo de Palos Range
Rewitzer et al. (2018)
  • Valencian Community
    • Castellón
      • Villahermosa del Rio
        • San Rafael claim
Casanova Honrubia +2 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Grimentz
Ansermet et al. (2021)
  • Vaud
    • Aigle
      • Bex
Stalder et al. (1998)
Turkmenistan
 
  • Balkan Province
    • Cheleken Peninsula
Lebedev et al. (1983)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Crantock
BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
      • Padstow
        • Gunver Head
      • Perranzabuloe
        • Perranporth
          • Cligga Head
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Hilary
Golley et al. (1995)
Bannister et al. (1950) +1 other reference
        • Botallack
Bannister et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Golley et al. (1995)
Golley et al. (1995)
P Haas
          • Cliff outcrops
Golley et al. (1995)
Golley et al. (1995)
        • Kenidjack Valley
          • Boswedden Mine (incl. Wheal Praze; Wheal Williams; Yankee Boy Mine)
P Haas
        • Pendeen
Golley et al. (1995)
        • Trewellard
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Tintagel
        • Trebarwith
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
    • Sivash Gulf area
      • Armyansk area
Geologiya SSSR. Poleznye iskopaemye (The geology of USSR. Commercial mineral)
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Clay County
      • Alabama Copper Belt
        • Coleta
Dean (1995)
  • Alaska
    • Aleutians West Census Area
      • Aleutian Islands Mining District
        • Gareloi Island
- (2008)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
Anthony et al. (1995)
        • Hendricks Gulch
Graeme (1993) +2 other references
Luetcke (n.d.)
Robert Bowell and Rolf Luetcke
        • Queen Hill
          • Copper Queen Mine
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Maricopa County
      • Osborn Mining District
        • Tonopah
          • Belmont Mountain
Am.Min.: 81: 244-248.
    • Pima County
      • Comobabi Mountains
        • Cababi Mining District (Comobabi Mining District)
          • Ko Vaya
            • Mildren Mine group
Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
Bideaux (1980) +1 other reference
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Nopah Range
        • Upper Noonday Camp
          • Shoshone Mines (Shoshone Mines group; Shoshone Mine group; Grant Mine; Mabel Mine; Black Prince Mine)
Robert M. Housley (2005)
    • San Bernardino County
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Baker
            • Otto Mountain
Marek Chorazewicz (2022)
Collected by and in the collection of ...
XRD analyzed by Tony Kampf.
  • Colorado
    • Boulder County
      • Jamestown Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Stamford
Henderson et al. (1967)
  • Kentucky
    • Lincoln County
Rocks & Minerals Vol. 70
Goldstein (1997) +1 other reference
  • Michigan
    • Houghton County
      • Calumet Township
        • Centennial Heights
Morris Jr. (1983)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
        • Osceola
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Quincy Township
Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Keweenaw County
      • Allouez Township
        • Mohawk
          • Mohawk Mine
Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Ontonagon Co.
      • Mass City
Morris Jr. (1983)
    • Ontonagon County
      • White Pine
Heinrich et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
      • Spring Mountains
        • Goodsprings Mining District
Hayes et al. (2008)
    • Esmeralda County
      • Weepah Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Humboldt County
      • Iron Point Mining District
        • Valmy
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lyon County
      • Churchill Mining District
Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
      • Singatse Range
        • Yerington Mining District
          • Ludwig
Castor et al. (2004)
          • Yerington
Pullman
  • New York
    • St. Lawrence County
      • Fowler
Chamberlain et al. (2023)
  • U.S. Virgin Islands
    • St. John
- (1994)
 
and/or  
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