Madan ore field, Smolyan Province, Bulgariai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Madan ore field | Ore Field |
| Smolyan Province | Oblast |
| Bulgaria | Country |
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Type:
Mindat Locality ID:
459
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:459:5
GUID (UUID V4):
c7ee752d-6612-4607-8a9f-fef943b04c1b
Name(s) in local language(s):
ΠΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π‘ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΡΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ
Large Pb-Zn(-Ag) mining district.
Known since ancient times, exploited in the Middle Ages and extensively mined during the last 50 years, producing over 95 Mt ores (βΌ2.5 Mt Pb, βΌ2 Mt Zn; 2.54% Pb, 2.10% Zn) in more than 40 underground mines.
The main quartz-sulphide mineralization (associated with Mn-skarns) was deposited at 350-280Β Β°C. Major ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Galena prevails in the veins, sphalerite is more abundant in the skarn-ore bodies. Subordinate and minor ore minerals are arsenopyrite, tennantite-tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, cobaltite, scarce sulphosalts of Ag, Bi.
The deposits are closely related to six subparallel NNW-SSE (320-340Β°) mineralised faults, acting as ore-controlling channel-ways for the fluids.
Tertiary (βΌ30Ma) Pb-Zn hydrothermal mineralization, embedded in a metamorphic gneiss-amphibolite core complex with certain marble horizons, is most extensive in the intersections with WNW-trending faults.
Economic orebodies are presented by sulphide veins (1-3 m wide; up to 7 km long), disseminated stockworks and replacement bodies.
Major Oligocene lead-zinc mineralization in the Central Rhodopes occurs in four ore fields: Madan, Laki, Davidkovo (South Bulgaria) and Thermes (Greece).
Madan ore field is situated in the southwest part of the Central Rhodope Dome. Thirty-nine lead-zinc deposits were mined within the Madan field. Madan ore field occurs as an area of the most considerable deposition of Pb-Zn ores in the Rhodope massif and represents one of the most significant manifestations of vein type Pb-Zn mineralization in the world. The larger deposits are related to six fault zones with lengths up to 15 km and more. The orebodies are of three types β veins, carbonate replacement bodies and stockworks. Veins are the most widespread with typical lengths between 500 m and to 2 to 2.5 km and vein widths up to 10 m (more commonly 1β2 m). The main minerals of all deposits are quartz, galena, and sphalerite, with additional johannsenite becoming important in the peripheral parts of the replacement orebodies. In decreasing order of abundance, additional ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite, and as gangue minerals calcite, manganocalcite, rhodochrosite, dolomite and rhodonite, the last occurring in the metasomatic orebodies only. One of the most significant faults for ore-localization is the Karaaliev dol-Petrovitsa fault on which the Osikovo, Mogilata, Karaaliev dol, Petrovitsa, Yuzhna Petrovitsa and Erma Reka deposits are located.
NOTE on the locality names: In Bulgaria, "mine" is usually used as an exploration-administrative term and not always coincides with the name of the ore deposit. Thus, a mine can include several deposits.
Trigonal pyrite is described from this area by MoΓ«lo (2023).
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities77 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| β Acanthite Formula: Ag2S References: |
| β Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| β Aikinite Formula: PbCuBiS3 Localities: |
| β Alabandite Formula: MnS Localities: |
| β Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| β Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 |
| β Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| β Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: |
| β Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Localities: |
| β Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. |
| β Bertrandite Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| β Bianchite Formula: Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| β Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| β Bustamite Formula: CaMn2+(Si2O6) Localities: |
| β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. |
| β Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. |
| β Caledonite Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| β Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Localities: |
| β CesΓ rolite Formula: Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| β Chalcoalumite Formula: CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| β Chalcophanite Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| β Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. |
| β 'Chlorite Group' |
| β Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| β 'Clino-ferro-suenoite' Formula: ◻{Mn2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Habit: fibres and whiskers to 1 mm Colour: white and pale beige Description: Vassileva and Bonev (2001) provides microprobe data corresponding to:
K0.039(Mn1.576Ca0.284Na0.136)1.996(Mg2.216Fe2+2.487Mn2+0.18Al0.116)5(Si7.989Al0.011)8O22(OH)2
|
| β Clino-suenoite Formula: ◻{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Habit: fibres and whiskers to 1 mm Colour: white and pale beige Description: Vassileva and Bonev (2001) provides microprobe data corresponding to:
K0.011(Mn1.669Ca0.122Fe0.103Na0.08)1.974(Mg3.127Fe2+1.865Fe3+0.008)5Si8.028O22(OH)2 |
| β Cobaltite Formula: CoAsS References: |
| β Coronadite Formula: Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| β Cosalite Formula: Pb2Bi2S5 Localities: References: |
| β Cubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 References: |
| β Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| β Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 References: |
| β Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Localities: References: |
| β Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: References: |
| β Ferro-actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Description: Mangano |
| β Fluorite Formula: CaF2 References: |
| β Freieslebenite Formula: AgPbSbS3 References: |
| β FΓΌlΓΆppite Formula: Pb3Sb8S15 References: |
| β Galena Formula: PbS Localities: Reported from at least 22 localities in this region. References: |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β Gold Formula: Au References: |
| β Graphite Formula: C Localities: References: |
| β Greenockite Formula: CdS References: |
| β Hausmannite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| β Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Localities: |
| β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite Formula: Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| β Helvine Formula: Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| β Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| β Hetaerolite Formula: ZnMn2O4 |
| β Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite Formula: Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4 |
| β Heteromorphite Formula: Pb7Sb8S19 References: |
| β 'Hydrogoethite' Formula: 3Fe2O3 · 4H2O |
| β Ilvaite Formula: CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) References: |
| β Johannsenite Formula: CaMn2+Si2O6 Localities: Mogilata deposit, Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine), Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine), Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Krushev dol Mine, Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Borieva Mine, Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Madan ore field, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria References: |
| β Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 References: |
| β Kutnohorite Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| β Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β Mackinawite Formula: FeS References: |
| β Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| β Manganilvaite (TL) Formula: CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) Localities: Type Locality: Osikovo deposit, Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine), Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria References: |
| β Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Localities: |
| β Matildite Formula: AgBiS2 References: |
| β Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: References: |
| β Nontronite Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| β Palygorskite Formula: ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O References: |
| β Pearceite Formula: [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| β Plagionite Formula: Pb5Sb8S17 References: |
| β Plumbojarosite Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β Polybasite Formula: [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] References: |
| β Pyrargyrite Formula: Ag3SbS3 References: |
| β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region. |
| β Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| β 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Localities: |
| β Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS References: |
| β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region. |
| β Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 Localities: |
| β Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. |
| β Rhodonite Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] Localities: Osikovo deposit, Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine), Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Mogilata deposit, Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine), Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Krushev dol Mine, Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Zapadno Gradishte deposit, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria Madan ore field, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria |
| β Silver Formula: Ag |
| β Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region. |
| β Sphalerite var. Cleiophane Formula: ZnS Localities: References: |
| β Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 References: |
| β 'Tennantite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S References: |
| β 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Localities: |
| β Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 References: |
| β Wollastonite Formula: Ca3(Si3O9) References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| β | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| β | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| β | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
| β | Sphalerite var. Cleiophane | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| β | 2.CB.05a | ZnS | |
| β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| β | Greenockite | 2.CB.45 | CdS |
| β | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
| β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| β | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
| β | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| β | Alabandite | 2.CD.10 | MnS |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| β | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| β | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| β | Cobaltite | 2.EB.25 | CoAsS |
| β | Pyrargyrite | 2.GA.05 | Ag3SbS3 |
| β | 'Tennantite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
| β | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| β | Pearceite | 2.GB.15 | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| β | Polybasite | 2.GB.15 | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| β | Aikinite | 2.HB.05a | PbCuBiS3 |
| β | FΓΌlΓΆppite | 2.HC.10a | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| β | Plagionite | 2.HC.10b | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| β | Heteromorphite | 2.HC.10c | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| β | Matildite | 2.JA.20 | AgBiS2 |
| β | Cosalite | 2.JB.10 | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| β | Freieslebenite | 2.JB.15 | AgPbSbS3 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| β | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| β | Hausmannite | 4.BB.10 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| β | Hetaerolite | 4.BB.10 | ZnMn2O4 |
| β | var. Hydrohetaerolite | 4.BB.10 | Zn(Mn,β»)2(O,OH)4 |
| β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| β | Quartz var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| β | Coronadite | 4.DK.05a | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| β | CesΓ rolite | 4.FG.10 | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| β | Chalcophanite | 4.FL.20 | ZnMn4+3O7 Β· 3H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| β | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| β | var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | 5.AB.05 | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| β | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| β | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| β | Kutnohorite | 5.AB.10 | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| β | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| β | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| β | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| β | Plumbojarosite | 7.BC.10 | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| β | Caledonite | 7.BC.50 | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| β | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| β | Bianchite | 7.CB.25 | Zn(SO4) Β· 6H2O |
| β | Chalcoalumite | 7.DD.75 | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 3H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| β | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| β | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| β | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| β | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 Β· H2O |
| β | Ilvaite | 9.BE.07 | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| β | Manganilvaite (TL) | 9.BE.07 | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| β | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| β | Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| β | Johannsenite | 9.DA.15 | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| β | Clino-suenoite | 9.DE. | β»{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| β | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| β | Ferro-actinolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| β | 'Clino-ferro-suenoite' | 9.DE.10 | β»{Mn2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| β | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| β | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| β | Bustamite | 9.DG.05 | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| β | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| β | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | Nontronite | 9.EC.40 | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
| β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1 |
| β | Palygorskite | 9.EE.20 | β»Al2Mg2β»2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 Β· 4H2O |
| β | Helvine | 9.FB.10 | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| Unclassified | |||
| β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| β | 'Hydrogoethite' | - | 3Fe2O3 Β· 4H2O |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | β Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| H | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| H | β CesΓ rolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| H | β Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| H | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| H | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | β Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite | Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4 |
| H | β Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | β Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| H | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| H | β Hydrogoethite | 3Fe2O3 · 4H2O |
| H | β Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | β Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| C | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | β Graphite | C |
| C | β Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| C | β Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | β Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | β Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| O | β Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| O | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | β CesΓ rolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| O | β Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| O | β Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| O | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | β Coronadite | Pb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| O | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| O | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | β Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| O | β Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite | Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4 |
| O | β Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| O | β Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| O | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | β Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | β Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| O | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | β Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| O | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| O | β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| O | β Hydrogoethite | 3Fe2O3 · 4H2O |
| O | β Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | β Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | β Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Mg | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Al | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | β Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Si | β Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Si | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | β Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Si | β Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | β Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Si | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Si | β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| Si | β Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Acanthite | Ag2S |
| S | β Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| S | β Alabandite | MnS |
| S | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | β Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| S | β Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| S | β Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| S | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| S | β FΓΌlΓΆppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| S | β Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
| S | β Galena | PbS |
| S | β Greenockite | CdS |
| S | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| S | β Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| S | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | β Mackinawite | FeS |
| S | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | β Matildite | AgBiS2 |
| S | β Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| S | β Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| S | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | β Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| S | β Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | β Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| S | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | β Sphalerite var. Cleiophane | ZnS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | β Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Ca | β Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | β Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Ca | β Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Ca | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Ca | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Ca | β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Alabandite | MnS |
| Mn | β Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| Mn | β CesΓ rolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| Mn | β Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| Mn | β Coronadite | Pb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| Mn | β Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| Mn | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Mn | β Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| Mn | β Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite | Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4 |
| Mn | β Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| Mn | β Kutnohorite | CaMn2+(CO3)2 |
| Mn | β Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Mn | β Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | β Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Mn | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Mn | β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| Mn | β Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mn | β Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | β Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | β Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | β Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Fe | β Mackinawite | FeS |
| Fe | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | β Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Fe | β Hedenbergite var. Manganese-bearing Hedenbergite | Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | β Hydrogoethite | 3Fe2O3 · 4H2O |
| Fe | β Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | β Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | β Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | β Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Cu | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Cu | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Cu | β Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Cu | β Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| Cu | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | β Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| Zn | β Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| Zn | β Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | β Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| Zn | β Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite | Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4 |
| Zn | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | β Sphalerite var. Cleiophane | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | β Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| As | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | β Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| As | β Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | β Acanthite | Ag2S |
| Ag | β Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
| Ag | β Matildite | AgBiS2 |
| Ag | β Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Ag | β Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Ag | β Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
| Ag | β Silver | Ag |
| Cd | Cadmium | |
| Cd | β Greenockite | CdS |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | β FΓΌlΓΆppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| Sb | β Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
| Sb | β Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| Sb | β Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| Sb | β Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Sb | β Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
| Sb | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | β Gold | Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | β Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| Pb | β Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | β Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | β CesΓ rolite | Pb(Mn4+)3O6(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Coronadite | Pb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| Pb | β Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| Pb | β FΓΌlΓΆppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| Pb | β Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
| Pb | β Galena | PbS |
| Pb | β Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| Pb | β Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | β Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | β Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| Pb | β Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | β Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | β Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| Bi | β Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| Bi | β Matildite | AgBiS2 |
Fossils
This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.Mindat Articles
Photos of Fake Skeletal Galena by Amir C. AkhavanLocalities in this Region
- Smolyan Province
- Angel Yanakiev Mine
- Bellevica deposit
- Borieva mine
- Golyam Palas mine
- Kechikaya deposit
- Konski dol Mine
- Madan Municipality
- Smolyan Province
- Madan Municipality
- Septemvri Mine (Deveti Septemvri Mine)
- Varba
- Murzian mine
- Ribnitsa deposit
- Rudozem Municipality
- Strashimir mine
- Zapadno Gradishte deposit
- Zlatograd Municipality
- Madan Municipality
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
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for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
References
forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=18726&sid=bb62daf9b56876a692f0a331904839ce
www.spiriferminerals.com (2011) http://www.spiriferminerals.com/102,XI-2011---8211--Short-trip-to-Madan.html
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Septemvri Mine, Madan Municipality, Smolyan Province, Bulgaria