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Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains) Mountain Range
Sicily Autonomous Region
Italy - not defined -

Regional Level Types
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains)	Mountain Range
Sicily	Autonomous Region
Italy	- not defined -

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View of Grotta dei Cordai in the Latomia del Paradiso quarries, ca. 1930.

Cordari Cave, Latomia del Paradiso, Syracuse, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

View of the Augusta salt mining area, in 1940.

Saline, Augusta, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Chabazite-Na, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

View of Grotta dei Cordai in the Latomia del Paradiso quarries, ca. 1930.

Cordari Cave, Latomia del Paradiso, Syracuse, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

View of the Augusta salt mining area, in 1940.

Saline, Augusta, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Chabazite-Na, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

View of Grotta dei Cordai in the Latomia del Paradiso quarries, ca. 1930.

Cordari Cave, Latomia del Paradiso, Syracuse, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

View of the Augusta salt mining area, in 1940.

Saline, Augusta, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Locality type:

Mountain Range

Age:

7 to 1.64 Ma

Geologic Time:

Cenozoic

Reference for age:

Di Grande, A., Mazzoleni, P., Lo Giudice, A., Beccaluva, L., Macciotta, G., & Siena, F. (2002). Subaerial Plio-Pleistocene volcanism in the geo-petrographic and structural context of the north/central Iblean region (Sicily). Periodico di Mineralogia, 71,

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Siracusa	97,472 (2017)
Ragusa	61,380 (2018)
Vittoria	50,852 (2018)
Modica	41,126 (2018)
Augusta	30,723 (2015)
Avola	28,666 (2014)

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Iblei; Iblean Plateau

The Hyblean Plateau (or Hyblean Mountains) is a complex of mountains and hills in south-eastern Sicily. It is bounded to the north by the Catania Plain, to the east by Ionian Sea, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the west by the Gela Plain and the southern foothills of the Herean Mountains.

The Hyblean Plateau is traditionally considered the northernmost sector of the Pelagian block, which is associated with the African continental crust. However, the petrologic study of ultramafic-mafic xenoliths induced to infer that the Hyblean crustal basement is formed by a fossil oceanic core-complex, which hosted an abyssal-type hydrothermal system, Early-Middle Triassic in age. During Mesozoic and Cenozoic times, carbonate sedimentation occurred over the Hyblean basement, which was affected by an extensional tectonic regime linked with Neotethyan rifting during Late Triassic-Early Jurassic time. This stage was followed by a compressional phase with formation of fold systems during Late Cretaceous-Paleogene time. Finally, a general uplift and localized subsidence events occurred during Late Paleogene-Early Neogene time as a result of the collision of the European and African plates (Yellin-Dror et al., 1997).

The exposed sedimentary rocks on the Hyblean Plateau are mainly of Miocene age and the succession can be divided into an eastern and a western facies association (Grasso et al., 1982; Grasso, 2001). The eastern Miocene succession consists of massive to thick-bedded carbonates and reefal to lagoonal limestones with intercalated pyroclastic rocks, resting on upper Cretaceous to Paleogene shallow-water carbonates and volcanic seamounts. The western part of the Hyblean Plateau is characterised by upper Oligocene-Miocene limestones and marls deposited on a carbonate ramp in a neritic to pelagic environment. Pliocene and Quaternary near-shore carbonates and marls crop out, along the margins of the plateau, and are intercalated with mafic volcanics (Behncke, 2001; Pedley et al., 2001). To the east, the Hyblean Plateau is bounded by the Malta Escarpment, which represents the boundary between the buoyant eastern sector of the plateau and the oceanic crust of the Ionian Basin (Ben-Avraham & Grasso, 1990; Speranza et al., 2012). Along the western margin of the plateau, a broad shear zone develops: the Scicli-Ragusa FaultSystem. In the north-eastern and south-western borders of the plateau, two N50°E-oriented tectonic troughs, the Scordia-Lentini Graben (Ghisetti & Vezzani, 1980) and the triangular-shaped Marina di Ragusa Basin are associated with the Scicli-Ragusa shear zone and are the product of flexural downbending of the Hyblean crust below the Appenninic-Maghrebian chain (Cogan et al., 1989).

In the time interval from late Triassic to lower Pleistocene, intermittent, dominantly submarine, volcanic activity occurred in this area (Rocchi et al., 1998). Highly altered pillow-fragment breccias and hyaloclastite lenses underlaying rudists-bearing carbonate horizons, Upper Cretaceous in age, crop out in the southernmost coastal area of the Plateau and sporadically along the Ionian coast. However, most of the Hyblean volcanic rocks, Neogene to Quaternary in age, are exposed in an area of about 350 km² in the central and northeastern parts of the Plateau. Basalts, with both tholeiitic (E-MOR-type) and alkaline (OI-type) affinity, are the most common volcanic rocks in this area, with minor nephelinites (De Rosa et al, 1991; Tonarini et al., 1996; Schmincke et al. 1997; Beccaluva et al., 1998; Trua et al., 1998; Correale et al. 2018).

Dating (Di Grande et al., 2002) indicated 3 periods: late Miocene (7-4.9 Ma), lower to mid-Pliocene. (4.9-3.5 Ma) and mid-Pliocene to early Pleistocene (2.4-1.64 Ma).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ Albite

ⓘ var. Anorthoclase

ⓘ Aluminoceladonite ?

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ Diopside

ⓘ var. Chromium-bearing Diopside

ⓘ Enstatite

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

ⓘ 'var. Manganese Dendrites'

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'

ⓘ Saponite

ⓘ Schreibersite

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Tetranatrolite' ?

47 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Reference: Bianchini, G., Clocchiatti, R., Coltorti, M., Joron, J. L., & Vaccaro, C. (1998). Petrogenesis of mafic lavas from the northernmost sector of the Iblean district (Sicily). European Journal of Mineralogy-Ohne Beihefte, 10(2), 301-316. Bianchini, G., Bell, K., & Vaccaro, C. (1999). Mantle sources of the Cenozoic Iblean volcanism (SE Sicily, Italy): Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints. Mineralogy and Petrology, 67(3-4), 213-221. Bianchini, G., Yoshikawa, M., & Sapienza, G. T. (2010). Comparative study of ultramafic xenoliths and associated lavas from South-Eastern Sicily: nature of the lithospheric mantle and insights on magma genesis. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 111-121. Correale, A., Martelli, M., Paonita, A., Rizzo, A., Brusca, L., & Scribano, V. (2012). New evidence of mantle heterogeneity beneath the Hyblean Plateau (southeast Sicily, Italy) as inferred from noble gases and geochemistry of ultramafic xenoliths. Lithos, 132, 70-81. Di Grande, A., Mazzoleni, P., Lo Giudice, A., Beccaluva, L., Macciotta, G., & Siena, F. (2002). Subaerial Plio-Pleistocene volcanism in the geo-petrographic and structural context of the north/central Iblean region (Sicily). Periodico di Mineralogia, 71, 159-189. Sapienza, G. T., Griffin, W. L., O’Reilly, S. Y., & Morten, L. (2009). Petrology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of gabbro xenoliths from the Hyblean Plateau: a MARID reservoir beneath SE Sicily?. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157(1), 1-22. Suiting, I., & Schmincke, H. U. (2012). Iblean diatremes 3: volcanic processes on a Miocene carbonate platform (Iblean Mountains, SE-Sicily): a comparison of deep vs. shallow marine eruptive processes. Bulletin of volcanology, 74(1), 207-230. Tonarini, S., D'Orazio, M., Armienti, P., Innocenti, F., & Scribano, V. (1996). Geochemical features of eastern Sicily lithosphere as probed by Hyblean xenoliths and lavas. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8(5), 1153-1173. Trua, T., Esperança, S., & Mazzuoli, R. (1998). The evolution of the lithospheric mantle along the N. African Plate: geochemical and isotopic evidence from the tholeiitic and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Hyblean plateau, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 131(4), 307-322.

ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase

Formula: (Na,K)AlSi₃O₈

ⓘ Aluminoceladonite ?

Formula: K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂

Reference: Beccaluva, L., Siena, F., Coltorti, M., Digrande, A., Lo Giudice, A., Macciotta, G., Tassinari, R., and Vaccaro, C. (1998) Nephelinitic to tholeiitic magma generation in a transtensional tectonic setting: An integrated model for the Iblean vulcanism, Sicily. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1547–1576.; Bianchini, G., Clocchiatti, R., Coltorti, M., Joron, J. L., & Vaccaro, C. (1998). Petrogenesis of mafic lavas from the northernmost sector of the Iblean district (Sicily). European Journal of Mineralogy-Ohne Beihefte, 10(2), 301-316. Bianchini, G., Bell, K., & Vaccaro, C. (1999). Mantle sources of the Cenozoic Iblean volcanism (SE Sicily, Italy): Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints. Mineralogy and Petrology, 67(3-4), 213-221. Bianchini, G., Yoshikawa, M., & Sapienza, G. T. (2010). Comparative study of ultramafic xenoliths and associated lavas from South-Eastern Sicily: nature of the lithospheric mantle and insights on magma genesis. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 111-121. Correale, A., Martelli, M., Paonita, A., Rizzo, A., Brusca, L., & Scribano, V. (2012). New evidence of mantle heterogeneity beneath the Hyblean Plateau (southeast Sicily, Italy) as inferred from noble gases and geochemistry of ultramafic xenoliths. Lithos, 132, 70-81. Di Grande, A., Mazzoleni, P., Lo Giudice, A., Beccaluva, L., Macciotta, G., & Siena, F. (2002). Subaerial Plio-Pleistocene volcanism in the geo-petrographic and structural context of the north/central Iblean region (Sicily). Periodico di Mineralogia, 71, 159-189. Sapienza, G. T., Griffin, W. L., O’Reilly, S. Y., & Morten, L. (2009). Petrology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of gabbro xenoliths from the Hyblean Plateau: a MARID reservoir beneath SE Sicily?. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157(1), 1-22. Suiting, I., & Schmincke, H. U. (2012). Iblean diatremes 3: volcanic processes on a Miocene carbonate platform (Iblean Mountains, SE-Sicily): a comparison of deep vs. shallow marine eruptive processes. Bulletin of volcanology, 74(1), 207-230. Tonarini, S., D'Orazio, M., Armienti, P., Innocenti, F., & Scribano, V. (1996). Geochemical features of eastern Sicily lithosphere as probed by Hyblean xenoliths and lavas. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8(5), 1153-1173. Trua, T., Esperança, S., & Mazzuoli, R. (1998). The evolution of the lithospheric mantle along the N. African Plate: geochemical and isotopic evidence from the tholeiitic and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Hyblean plateau, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 131(4), 307-322.

Analcime, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Locality: Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In mafic granulite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In mafic granulite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Locality: Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Manuella, F.C., Carbone, S., Ottolini, L., and Gibilisco, S. (2012) Micro-Raman spectroscopy and SIMS characterization of oxykinoshitalite in an olivine nephelinite from the Hyblean Plateau (Sicily, Italy). European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 527–533.

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Manuella, F.C. (2011) Vein mineral assemblage in partially serpentinized peridotite xenoliths from Hyblean Plateau (south-eastern Sicily, Italy). Periodico di Mineralogia, 80, 2, 247-266; Correale, A., Scribano, V., and Paonita, A. (2019) A volcanological paradox in a thin-section: large explosive eruptions of high-Mg magmas explained through a vein of silicate glass in a serpentinized peridotite xenolith (Hyblean area, Sicily). Geosciences, 9(4), 150.

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities:

Contrada Carubella (Carubella quarry), Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy
Contrada Maucini, Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Bianchi, M., and Parlato, G. (2020) I minerali delle vulcaniti e dei basalti di Pachino (SR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 2 (2-2020), 124-130.

ⓘ Barringerite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)₂P

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Zucchini, A., Petrelli, M., Frondini, F., Petroni, C.M., Sassi, P., Di Michele, A., Palmerini, S., Trippella, O., and Busso, M. (2018) Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the Mineo (Sicily, Italy) pallasite: A unique sample. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 53, 2 (Feb. 2018), 268-283.

Calcite, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Contrada Carubella (Carubella quarry), Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Contrada Maucini, Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Bianchi, M., and Parlato, G. (2020) I minerali delle vulcaniti e dei basalti di Pachino (SR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 2 (2-2020), 124-130.

ⓘ Chabazite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Chabazite-Na, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Chabazite-Na

Formula: (Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Correale, A., Scribano, V., and Paonita, A. (2019) A volcanological paradox in a thin-section: large explosive eruptions of high-Mg magmas explained through a vein of silicate glass in a serpentinized peridotite xenolith (Hyblean area, Sicily). Geosciences, 9(4), 150

ⓘ Chrysotile

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Clays'

Locality: Contrada Carubella (Carubella quarry), Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Bianchi, M., and Parlato, G. (2020) I minerali delle vulcaniti e dei basalti di Pachino (SR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 2 (2-2020), 124-130.

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In websterite. In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside

Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆

Localities:

Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In websterite. In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

Localities:

Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities:

Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Locality: Grotta Scrivilleri, Priolo Gargallo, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Audra, P., De Waele, J., Bentaleb, I., Chroňáková, A., Krištůfek, V., D’Angeli, I. M., ... & Cailhol, D. (2019). Guano-related phosphate-rich minerals in European caves. International Journal of Speleology, 48(1), 75-105.

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

Description: In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

Gismondine

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Gismondine'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Ciriotti, M.E. & Biagioni, C. (2011): Pot-pourri 2011: identificazioni di minerali di interesse. Micro, 3/2011, 125-133

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca

Formula: Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Gmelinite-Na

Formula: Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Godlevskite

Formula: (Ni,Fe)₉S₈

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Haüyne

Formula: (Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)

ⓘ Heazlewoodite

Formula: Ni₃S₂

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Hercynite

Formula: Fe²⁺Al₂O₄

Locality: Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite

Formula: (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄

Locality: Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: In harzburgite.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Iddingsite'

Formula: MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O

Locality: Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Iron

Formula: Fe

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Iron oxide'

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Lizardite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Locality: Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

Locality: Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection

ⓘ ~~Mesolite~~

Formula: Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy - erroneously reported

Description: As white globular aggregates. According to XRD analyses performed on old specimens classified as "mesolite", the globular mineral is compatiple with tetranatrolite or natrolite (Sicurella et al., 2010).

Reference: Ponte, G. (1908) Mesolite di Palagonia. Atti dell’Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, serie 5, 1, 1-5.

ⓘ 'Meteoritic Iron'

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Grady, M.M. (2000) Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge - New York - Oakleigh - Madrid - Cape Town, 689 pages.

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Natrolite, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

Localities:

Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite

Formula: (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂

Locality: Iazzotto quarry, Catania, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Palagonite'

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

Phillipsite-Ca

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca

Formula: (Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Phillipsite-K

Formula: (K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Contrada Maucini, Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

Phillipsite-Na

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Phillipsite-Na

Formula: (Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Pigeonite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

ⓘ 'Plessite'

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Polydymite

Formula: Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Locality: Contrada Maucini, Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Bianchi, M., and Parlato, G. (2020) I minerali delle vulcaniti e dei basalti di Pachino (SR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 44, 2 (2-2020), 124-130.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Dirillo River (Achates River), Ragusa Province, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Locality: Dirillo River (Achates River), Ragusa Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Tata, D. (1772) Catalogo di una raccolta di pietre dure native di Sicilia esistente presso l’abate D. Domenico Tata. Fratelli Raimondi, Napoli, 40 pp.; Clark, A.M. (1993) Hey's Mineral Index. Mineral Species, Varieties and Synonyms, 3rd Edition. Chapman & Hall, London, Glasgow, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras, xii + 852 pp.

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Dirillo River (Achates River), Ragusa Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'

Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃

ⓘ Saponite

Formula: Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Schreibersite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)₃P

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Smectite Group, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Contrada Maucini, Pachino, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Locality: Cozzo Molino, Melilli, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Description: Aluminium-rich spinel.

Reference: S. Tonarini et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1153-1173.

ⓘ 'Spinel Subgroup'

Formula: A²⁺D³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy
Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains), Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Tacharanite

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Tacharanite

Formula: Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Taenite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Tetranatrolite

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ 'Tetranatrolite' ?

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010) Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2-2010, 371-408.

Thaumasite, etc.

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Thaumasite

Formula: Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Tobermorite

Formula: Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)

Locality: Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Reference: Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

Locality: Mineo meteorite, Mineo, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

ⓘ Violarite

Formula: Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Valle Guffari, Buscemi, Syracuse Province, Sicily, Italy

Gallery:

ⓘ 'Gismondine'

Gismondine

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Gismondine

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

Gismondine

Mount Caliella, Palagonia, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Barringerite	1.BD.10	(Fe,Ni)₂P
ⓘ	Iron	1.AE.05	Fe
ⓘ	var. Kamacite	1.AE.05	(Fe,Ni)
ⓘ	Schreibersite	1.BD.05	(Fe,Ni)₃P
ⓘ	Taenite	1.AE.10	(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Godlevskite	2.BB.15	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈
ⓘ	Heazlewoodite	2.BB.05	Ni₃S₂
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Polydymite	2.DA.05	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Violarite	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Sylvite	3.AA.20	KCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Hercynite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Picotite	4.BB.05	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Thaumasite	7.DG.15	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	Hydroxylapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Anorthoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	Aluminoceladonite ?	9.EC.15	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	var. Bytownite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Chabazite-Ca	9.GD.10	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-Na	9.GD.10	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Chrysotile	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	9.DA.15	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Enstatite	9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Gismondine'	9..
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Ca	9.GD.05	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Gmelinite-Na	9.GD.05	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Haüyne	9.FB.10	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
ⓘ	Lizardite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Mesolite ?	9.GA.05	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Oxykinoshitalite	9.EC.35	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Ca	9.GC.10	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-K	9.GC.10	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Na	9.GC.10	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Pigeonite	9.DA.10	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Saponite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Tacharanite	9.HA.75	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	'Tetranatrolite' ?	9.GA.20
ⓘ	Tobermorite	9.DG.10	Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clays'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Iddingsite'	-	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	'Iron oxide'	-
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides'	-
ⓘ	'var. Manganese Dendrites'	-
ⓘ	'Meteoritic Iron'	-
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Palagonite'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'Plessite'	-
ⓘ	'Rhombohedral Carbonate'	-	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Spinel Subgroup'	-	A²⁺D³⁺₂O₄

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
H	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
H	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Tobermorite	Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
H	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
C	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
O	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Spinel Subgroup	A²⁺D₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
O	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Tobermorite	Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
O	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
O	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
O	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
F	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Mg	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Al	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Si	ⓘ Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Si	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tobermorite	Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
P	ⓘ Barringerite	(Fe,Ni)₂P
P	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Heazlewoodite	Ni₃S₂
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Godlevskite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈
S	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
S	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Cl	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cl	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
K	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄O₂₄] · 11H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tacharanite	Ca₁₂Al₂Si₁₈O₃₃ (OH)₃₆
Ca	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tobermorite	Ca₄Si₆O₁₇(H₂O)₂ · (Ca · 3H₂O)
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Haüyne	(Na,K)₃(Ca,Na)(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)(SO₄,S,Cl)
Ca	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Ca	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Ti	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
Cr	ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hercynite var. Picotite	(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Godlevskite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈
Fe	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Fe	ⓘ Barringerite	(Fe,Ni)₂P
Fe	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
Fe	ⓘ Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Heazlewoodite	Ni₃S₂
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Godlevskite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈
Ni	ⓘ Barringerite	(Fe,Ni)₂P
Ni	ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
Ni	ⓘ Taenite	(Fe,Ni)
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H2O
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-K	(K,Na,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Ba	ⓘ Phillipsite-Na	(Na,K,Ca_0.5,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] · 12H₂O

Fossils

There are 19 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

365

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

199 Ma (Early Jurassic)

Stratigraphic Units

Unit	No. Occurrences	Age
Monti Climiti - Siracusa Limestone	21	11.62 - 7.246 Ma (Miocene)
Carlentini	6	11.62 - 7.246 Ma (Miocene)
Langhiano	6	15.97 - 13.82 Ma (Miocene)
Ragusa - Irminio	2	23.03 - 15.97 Ma (Miocene)

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Ammonia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Ammoniidae : *Ammonia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Asterigerinata genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Asterigerinatidae : *Asterigerinata*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bolivina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : *Bolivina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cassidulina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cassidulinidae : *Cassidulina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cibicides genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : *Cibicides*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Elphidium genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Elphidiidae : *Elphidium*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globigerinella genus	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : *Globigerinella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globorotalia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globorotaliidae : *Globorotalia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Neogloboquadrina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globorotaliidae : *Neogloboquadrina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Omphalocyclus genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Orbitoididae : *Omphalocyclus*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Orbitoides genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Orbitoididae : *Orbitoides*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Orbulina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : *Orbulina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Siderolites genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Calcarinidae : *Siderolites*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stromatoporoidea class	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palaeoplesiastraea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Columastraeidae : *Palaeoplesiastraea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Porites genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Poritidae : *Porites*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Siderastrea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Siderastreidae : *Siderastrea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Tarbellastraea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Faviidae : *Tarbellastraea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Filograna genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Filograna*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Hydroides genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Hydroides*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Neodexiospira genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Neodexiospira*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pomatoceros genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Serpulimorpha : *Pomatoceros*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Serpula genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Serpula*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Vermiliopsis genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Vermiliopsis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bacinella genus	Animalia : Problematica : *Bacinella*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gastropoda class	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Vermetus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Vermetidae : *Vermetus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Bivalvia class	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Arca genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Arca*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Lithophaga genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Lithophaga*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anomia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Anomiidae : *Anomia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Ostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Ostraea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Spondylus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : *Spondylus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Astarte genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : *Astarte*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Crassatella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : *Crassatella*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lucina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Lucina*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Gastrochaena genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Gastrochaenida : Gastrochaenidae : *Gastrochaena*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Apricardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Requieniidae : *Apricardia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Biradiolites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Biradiolites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Durania genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Durania*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hippuritella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Hippuritidae : *Hippuritella*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hippurites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Hippuritidae : *Hippurites*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lapeirousella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Lapeirousella*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lapeirousia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Lapeirousia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mitrocaprina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Plagioptychidae : *Mitrocaprina*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neoradiolites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Neoradiolites*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pironaea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Hippuritidae : *Pironaea*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudopolyconites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : *Pseudopolyconites*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sabinia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : *Sabinia*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Vaccinites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Hippuritidae : *Vaccinites*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cirripedia subclass	Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Cirripedia	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Aurila genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Aurila*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Carinocythereis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Carinocythereis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Costa genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Costa*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cypridopsis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cyprididae : *Cypridopsis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Loxoconcha genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Loxoconchidae : *Loxoconcha*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Urocythereis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Urocythereis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bryozoa phylum	Animalia : Bryozoa	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Cyclostomata order	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomata	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Crisia genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Crisiidae : *Crisia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Disporella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Lichenoporidae : *Disporella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Plagioecia genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Plagioeciidae : *Plagioecia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Platonea genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Tubuliporidae : *Platonea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Tubulipora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Tubuliporidae : *Tubulipora*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Aetea genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Aeteidae : *Aetea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Callopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Calloporidae : *Callopora*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Celleporina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Celleporidae : *Celleporina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Chorizopora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Chorizoporidae : *Chorizopora*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Puellina genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cribrilinidae : *Puellina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Reptadeonella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Adeonidae : *Reptadeonella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Schizomavella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Bitectiporidae : *Schizomavella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Schizoporella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Schizoporellidae : *Schizoporella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Watersipora genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Watersiporidae : *Watersipora*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Tetrarhynchia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Tetrarhynchia*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Callospiriferina genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Pennospiriferinidae : *Callospiriferina*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Liospiriferina genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spiriferinidae : *Liospiriferina*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Fimbriothyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : *Fimbriothyris*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Hesperithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Hesperithyrididae : *Hesperithyris*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Lobothyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : *Lobothyris*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Terebratula genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratulidae : *Terebratula*	199.3 - 7.246 Ma Phanerozoic
Zeilleria genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : *Zeilleria*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Crocodylia unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia	23.03 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Charadriiformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Discoglossus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Discoglossidae : *Discoglossus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Trionychidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae	15.97 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Lacerta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertidae : *Lacerta*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Natrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Natricidae : *Natrix*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Apus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Apodiformes : Apodidae : *Apus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Passeriformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Corvidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Grus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Gruidae : *Grus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anatidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Tadorna genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Tadorna*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Squalodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Squalodontidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Ziphiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Ziphiidae	23.03 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Squalodon dalpiazi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Squalodontidae : Squalodon : *Squalodon dalpiazi*	20.44 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Neosqualodon gastaldii gemmellaroi subspecies	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Neosqualodon : *Neosqualodon gastaldii gemmellaroi*	20.44 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Corallinaceae family	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales : Corallinaceae	72.1 - 7.246 Ma Phanerozoic
Faviidae family	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Faviidae	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Corallinales order	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Florideophyceae : Corallinales	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Solenomeris genus	Plantae : *Solenomeris*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Serpulidae family	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae	11.62 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Clionidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pteropoda : Clionidae	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Heterodonta subclass	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Heterodonta	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Ostreidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Panopea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hiatellida : Hiatellidae : *Panopea*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Pectinidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Neosqualodon assenzae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Neosqualodon : *Neosqualodon assenzae*	20.44 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Caperea genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Neobalaenidae : *Caperea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Squalodon bariensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Squalodontidae : Squalodon : *Squalodon bariensis*	20.44 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Cyanobacteria phylum	Bacteria : Cyanobacteria	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Anas genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Anas*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Neosqualodon gastaldii species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Neosqualodon : *Neosqualodon gastaldii*	20.44 - 13.82 Ma Miocene
Terebratulidae family	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratulidae	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Astrocoeniidae family	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Astrocoeniidae	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Globigerinoides trilobus species	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : *Globigerinoides trilobus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Crustacea subphylum	Animalia : Arthropoda : Crustacea	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Chroicocephalus ridibundus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Chroicocephalus : *Chroicocephalus ridibundus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Hydrocoloeus minutus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Hydrocoloeus : *Hydrocoloeus minutus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anser genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Anser*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Branta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Branta*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anas platyrhynchos species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anas : *Anas platyrhynchos*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Numenius genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Scolopacidae : *Numenius*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Turdus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Turdidae : *Turdus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Plagioptychus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Plagioptychidae : *Plagioptychus*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chersine hermanni species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Chersine : *Chersine hermanni*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Coluber viridiflavus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : *Coluber viridiflavus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Accipiter nisus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Accipiter : *Accipiter nisus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Accipiter gentilis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Accipiter : *Accipiter gentilis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Columba livia species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Columbiformes : Columbidae : Columba : *Columba livia*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Pyrrhocorax graculus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Pyrrhocorax : *Pyrrhocorax graculus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Bufo viridis species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Bufonidae : Bufo : *Bufo viridis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Janua genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Janua*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Ilyocypris genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cyprididae : *Ilyocypris*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Sterninae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Sterninae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Polystrata alba species	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Cryptonemiales : Peyssonneliaceae : Polystrata : *Polystrata alba*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Grus grus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Gruidae : Grus : *Grus grus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Cidaridae family	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Cidaridae	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Homotrematidae family	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Homotrematidae	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Bulimina marginata species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Buliminidae : *Bulimina marginata*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Acteonella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Acteonidae : *Acteonella*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Emberiza genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Emberizidae : *Emberiza*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Fringilla genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : *Fringilla*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Hippurites cornucopiae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Hippuritidae : Hippurites : *Hippurites cornucopiae*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Joufia reticulata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Radiolitidae : Joufia : *Joufia reticulata*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mitrocaprina bulgarica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Plagioptychidae : Mitrocaprina : *Mitrocaprina bulgarica*	83.5 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pica pica species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Pica : *Pica pica*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Carduelis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : *Carduelis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Sturnus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sturnidae : *Sturnus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Keratoisis genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Alcyonacea : Isididae : *Keratoisis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Actinacis martiniana species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinacididae : Actinacis : *Actinacis martiniana*	72.1 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lobothyris punctata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : Lobothyris : *Lobothyris punctata*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Echinoidea class	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea	72.1 - 7.246 Ma Phanerozoic
Hirundo genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Hirundinidae : *Hirundo*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Liospiriferina rostrata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spiriferinidae : Liospiriferina : *Liospiriferina rostrata*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Oppites melilli species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Sarcoptiformes : Oppiidae : Oppites : *Oppites melilli*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Carabodites pavesii species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Sarcoptiformes : Carabodidae : Carabodites : *Carabodites pavesii*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Belbites disodilis species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Sarcoptiformes : Damaeidae : Belbites : *Belbites disodilis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Tyroglyphites miocenicus species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Astigmata : Acaridae : Tyroglyphites : *Tyroglyphites miocenicus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Phytophtirites disodilis species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Phytophtirites : *Phytophtirites disodilis*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Aspidiotus crenulatus species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Diaspididae : Aspidiotus : *Aspidiotus crenulatus*	11.62 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Candona genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Candonidae : *Candona*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Dispiriferina segregata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Lepismatinidae : Dispiriferina : *Dispiriferina segregata*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Cancris auriculus species	Foraminifera : Bagginidae : Cancris : *Cancris auriculus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Rosalina globularis species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Rosalinidae : Rosalina : *Rosalina globularis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Calcirhynchia plicatissima species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Wellerellidae : Calcirhynchia : *Calcirhynchia plicatissima*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Zeilleria perforata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria perforata*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Tetrarhynchia dunrobinensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Tetrarhynchia : *Tetrarhynchia dunrobinensis*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Gibbirhynchia curviceps species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Gibbirhynchia : *Gibbirhynchia curviceps*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Rimirhynchia rimosa species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchonellidae : Rimirhynchia : *Rimirhynchia rimosa*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Neonesidea mediterranea species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bairdiidae : Neonesidea : *Neonesidea mediterranea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Graptocythere genus	*Graptocythere*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Patinella genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Lichenoporidae : *Patinella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Calyptotheca genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Lanceoporidae : *Calyptotheca*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Hagiosynodos genus	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Cheiloporinidae : *Hagiosynodos*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Callospiriferina tumida species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Pennospiriferinidae : Callospiriferina : *Callospiriferina tumida*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Liospiriferina handeli species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spiriferinidae : Liospiriferina : *Liospiriferina handeli*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Furcirhynchia furcillata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchonellidae : Furcirhynchia : *Furcirhynchia furcillata*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Gibbirhynchia lua species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Gibbirhynchia : *Gibbirhynchia lua*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Zeilleria (Zeilleria) sestii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria (Zeilleria) sestii*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Zeilleria (Zeilleria) vicinalis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria (Zeilleria) vicinalis*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Herpetocypris genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cyprididae : *Herpetocypris*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Candona neglecta species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Candonidae : Candona : *Candona neglecta*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Ilyocypris gibba species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Ilyocyprididae : Ilyocypris : *Ilyocypris gibba*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Eucypris genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cyprididae : *Eucypris*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Lobothyris ovatissima species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : Lobothyris : *Lobothyris ovatissima*	199.3 - 190.8 Ma Early Jurassic
Microporella ciliata species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporellidae : Microporella : *Microporella ciliata*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Fenestrulina malusii species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporellidae : Fenestrulina : *Fenestrulina malusii*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Aegolius martae species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae : Aegolius : *Aegolius martae*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Tyto mourerchauvireae species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Tytonidae : Tyto : *Tyto mourerchauvireae*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Lacerta viridis species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertidae : Lacerta : *Lacerta viridis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anser albifrons species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anser : *Anser albifrons*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Calpensia nobilis species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Microporidae : Calpensia : *Calpensia nobilis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Membraniporella nitida species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Cribrilinidae : Membraniporella : *Membraniporella nitida*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Turbicellepora coronopus species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Celleporidae : Turbicellepora : *Turbicellepora coronopus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Schizoporella dunkeri species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomata : Schizoporellidae : Schizoporella : *Schizoporella dunkeri*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Falco tinnunculus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes : Falconidae : Falco : *Falco tinnunculus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Columba palumbus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Columbiformes : Columbidae : Columba : *Columba palumbus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Coturnix coturnix species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : Coturnix : *Coturnix coturnix*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Scolopax rusticola species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Scolopacidae : Scolopax : *Scolopax rusticola*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Cygnus equitum species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : *Cygnus equitum*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Sylvia genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sylviidae : *Sylvia*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Mareca penelope species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Mareca : *Mareca penelope*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Geronticus eremita species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Threskiornithidae : Geronticus : *Geronticus eremita*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anthus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Motacillidae : *Anthus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Otus scops species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae : Otus : *Otus scops*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Chloris chloris species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : Chloris : *Chloris chloris*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Melanocorypha calandra species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Alaudidae : Melanocorypha : *Melanocorypha calandra*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Calandrella brachydactyla species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Alaudidae : Calandrella : *Calandrella brachydactyla*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Lullula arborea species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Alaudidae : Lullula : *Lullula arborea*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Prunella modularis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Prunellidae : Prunella : *Prunella modularis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Otis tarda species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Otidiformes : Otididae : Otis : *Otis tarda*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Tetrax tetrax species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Otidiformes : Otididae : Tetrax : *Tetrax tetrax*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Aythya nyroca species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Aythya : *Aythya nyroca*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Tachybaptus ruficollis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Podicipediformes : Podicipedidae : Tachybaptus : *Tachybaptus ruficollis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Picus viridis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Piciformes : Picidae : Picus : *Picus viridis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Spatula querquedula species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Spatula : *Spatula querquedula*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Rallus aquaticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : Rallus : *Rallus aquaticus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Asio otus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae : Asio : *Asio otus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anser anser species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anser : *Anser anser*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Surnia ulula species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae : Surnia : *Surnia ulula*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Falco columbarius species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes : Falconidae : Falco : *Falco columbarius*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Pluvialis apricaria species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Charadriidae : Pluvialis : *Pluvialis apricaria*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Falco subbuteo species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes : Falconidae : Falco : *Falco subbuteo*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Oenanthe hispanica species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Oenanthe : *Oenanthe hispanica*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Serinus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : *Serinus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Erithacus rubecula species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : *Erithacus rubecula*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Fulica atra species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Rallidae : Fulica : *Fulica atra*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Cygnus cygnus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : *Cygnus cygnus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Marmaronetta angustirostris species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Marmaronetta : *Marmaronetta angustirostris*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Monticola solitarius species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Monticola : *Monticola solitarius*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Phylloscopus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Phylloscopidae : *Phylloscopus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Petronia petronia species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Passeridae : Petronia : *Petronia petronia*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Pyrrhula pyrrhula species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : Pyrrhula : *Pyrrhula pyrrhula*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Recurvirostra avosetta species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Recurvirostridae : Recurvirostra : *Recurvirostra avosetta*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Anser erythropus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anser : *Anser erythropus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Falco eleonorae species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes : Falconidae : Falco : *Falco eleonorae*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Streptopelia turtur species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Columbiformes : Columbidae : Streptopelia : *Streptopelia turtur*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Dendrocopos leucotos species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Piciformes : Picidae : Dendrocopos : *Dendrocopos leucotos*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Lanius senator species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Laniidae : Lanius : *Lanius senator*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Coccothraustes coccothraustes species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Fringillidae : Coccothraustes : *Coccothraustes coccothraustes*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Apus melba species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Caprimulgiformes : Apodidae : Apus : *Apus melba*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Caprimulgus europaeus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Caprimulgiformes : Caprimulgidae : Caprimulgus : *Caprimulgus europaeus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Grus melitensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Gruiformes : Gruidae : Grus : *Grus melitensis*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Cuculus canorus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Cuculiformes : Cuculidae : Cuculus : *Cuculus canorus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Picus canus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Piciformes : Picidae : Picus : *Picus canus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Pterocles alchata species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pterocliformes : Pteroclidae : Pterocles : *Pterocles alchata*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Hyla arborea species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Hylidae : Hyla : *Hyla arborea*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Globigerinoides ruber species	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : *Globigerinoides ruber*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene

Fossil Localities

Click to show 19 fossil localities

References

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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)

Ghisetti, F., and Vezzani, L. (1980) The structural features of the Hyblean Plateau and the Mount Judica area (South-Eastern Sicily): a microtectonic contribution to the deformational history of the Calabrian Arc. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 99, 55-102.

Carbone, S., and Lentini, F. (1981) Caratteri deposizionali delle vulcaniti del Miocene superiore negli Iblei (Sicilia Sud-Orientale). Geologica Romana, 20, 79–101.

Grasso, M., and Lentini, F. (1982) Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the eastern Hyblean Plateau (southeastern Sicily) during late Cretaceous to Quaternary time. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 39, 3-4, 261-280.

Grasso, M., Lentini, F., and Pedley, H.M. (1982) Late Tortonian-Lower Messinian (Miocene) Palaeogeography of SE Sicily: Information from two new formations of the Sortino Group. Sedimentary Geology, 32, 279-300.

Grasso, M., Lentini, F., Nairn, A.E.M., and Vigliotti, L. (1983) A geological and paleomagnetic study of the Hyblean volcanic rocks. Tectonophysics, 98, 271-295.

Cogan, J., Rigo, L., Grasso, M., and Lerche, I. (1989) Flexural tectonics of southeastern Sicily. Journal of Geodynamics, 11, 189-241.

Ben-Avraham, Z., and Grasso, M. (1990) Collisional zone segmentation in Sicily and surrounding areas in the Central Mediterranean. Annales Tectonicae, 4, 131-139.

De Rosa, R., Mazzuoli, R., Scribano, V., and Trua, T. (1991) Nuovi dati petrologici sulle vulcaniti dei Monti Iblei (Sicilia sud-orientale): implicazioni genetiche e geotettoniche. Minerlogica et Petrographica Acta, 34, 133–151.

Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M., Armenti, P., Innocenti, F., and Scribano, V. (1996) Geochemical features of Eastern Sicily lithosphere as probed by Hyblean xenoliths and lavas. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 1153–1173.

Schmincke, H.U., Behncke, B., Grasso, M., and Raffi, S. (1997) Evolution of the northwestern Iblean Mountains Sicily: Uplift Plicocene/ Pleistocene sea–level changes paleoenvironment and volcanism. Geologische Rundschau, 86, 637–669.

Yellin-Dror, A., Grasso, M., Ben-Avraham, Z., and Tibor, G. (1997) The subsidence history of the northern Hyblean plateau margin, southeastern Sicily. Tectonophysics, 282, 277-289.

Beccaluva, L., Siena, F., Coltorti, M., Digrande, A., Lo Giudice, A., Macciotta, G., Tassinari, R., and Vaccaro, C. (1998) Nephelinitic to tholeiitic magma generation in a transtensional tectonic setting: An integrated model for the Iblean vulcanism, Sicily. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1547–1576.

Rocchi, S., Longaretti, G., and Salvadori, M. (1998) Subsurface Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatism in southeastern Sicily: Distribution volume and geochemistry of magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 10, 395–408.

Trua, T., Esperança, S., and Mazzuoli, R. (1998) The evolution of the lithospheric mantle along the N African Plate: Geochemical and isotopical evidence from the tholeiitic and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Hyblean Plateau, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrolology, 131, 307–322.

Behncke, B. (1999) Il vulcanesimo del Plateau Ibleo (Sicilia sudorientale) negli ultimi 230 Ma. Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, 31, 39-50.

Behncke, B. (2001) Volcanism in the Southern Apennines and Sicily. In: Vai, G.B., and Martini, I.P. (eds.), Anatomy of an Orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean Basins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 105-120.

Grasso, M. (2001) The Apenninic-Maghrebian orogen in southern Italy, Sicily and adjacent areas. In: Vai, G.B., and Martini, I.P. (eds.), Anatomy of an Orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean Basins. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 255-286.

Pedley, H.M., Grasso, M., Maniscalco, R., Behncke, B., Di Stefano, A., Giuffrida, S., and Sturiale, G. (2001) The sedimentology and Palaeoenvironment of Quaternary temperate carbonates and their distribution around the northern Hyblean Mountains (SE Sicily). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 121, 233-255.

Grasso, M., Pedley, H.M., Behncke, B., and Maniscalco, R. (2004) Integrated stratigraphic approch to the study of the Neogene-Quaternary sedimentation and volcanism in the northern Hyblean Plateau (Sicily). In: Pasquarè, G., and Venturini, C. (eds.), Mapping Geology in Italy. APAT, Roma, 159-166.

Scribano, V., Ioppolo, S., and Censi, P. (2006 a) Chlorite/smectite-Alkali feldspar metasomatic xenoliths from Hyblean Miocenic diatremes (Sicily, Italy): evidence for early interaction between hydrothermal brines and ultramafic/mafic rocks at crustal levels. Ofioliti, 31, 161-171.

Scribano, V., Sapienza, G.T.., Braga, R., and Morten, L. (2006 b) Gabbroic xenoliths in tuff-breccia pipes from the Hyblean Plateau: insights into the nature and composition of the lower crust underneath South-eastern Sicily, Italy. Mineralogy and Petrology, 86, 63-88.

Scribano, V., Viccaro, M., Cristofolini, R., and Ottolini, L. (2009) Metasomatic events recorded in ultramafic xenoliths from the Hyblean area (Southeastern Sicily, Italy). Mineralogy and Petrology, 95, 235–250.

Carbone, S., with contributions of Barbano, M.S., Cantarella, G.L., Ferrara, V., Lentini, F., Longhitano, S., Maniscalco, R., Marino, M.C., Martino, C., Ruggieri, R., Scribano, V., Sturiale, G., Tiralongo, P., and Zanini, A. (2011) Note illustrative della Carta geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000, foglio 641, Augusta. ISPRA - Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Servizio Geologico d’Italia, Regione Siciliana, S.EL.CA. S.r.l., Firenze, 247 pp.

Speranza, F., Minelli, L., Pignatelli, A., and Chiappini, M. (2012) The Ionian Sea: The oldest in situ ocean fragment of the world? Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B12101.

Lentini, F. (ed.) (2014) Geologia della Sicilia - Geology of Sicily. Memorire descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 95, 386 pp.

Pellegrino, A.G., Maniscalco, R., Speranza, F. , Hernandez-Moreno, C., and Sturiale, G. (2016) Paleomagnetism of the Hyblean Plateau, Sicily: a review of the existing data set and new evidence for lack of block rotation from the Scicli-Ragusa Fault System. Italian Journal of Geosciences, 135, 2, 300-307.

Correale, A., Martelli, M., Paonita, A., Scribano, V., and Arienzo, I. (2018) A combined study of noble gases trace elements and Sr–Nd isotopes for alkaline and tholeiitic lava from the Hyblean Plateau (Italy). Lithos, 314–315, 59–70.

Correale, A., Scribano, V., and Paonita, A. (2019) A volcanological paradox in a thin-section: large explosive eruptions of high-Mg magmas explained through a vein of silicate glass in a serpentinized peridotite xenolith (Hyblean area, Sicily). Geosciences, 9(4), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040150.

Bianchini, G., Clocchiatti, R., Coltorti, M., Joron, J. L., & Vaccaro, C. (1998). Petrogenesis of mafic lavas from the northernmost sector of the Iblean district (Sicily). European Journal of Mineralogy-Ohne Beihefte, 10(2), 301-316.

Bianchini, G., Bell, K., & Vaccaro, C. (1999). Mantle sources of the Cenozoic Iblean volcanism (SE Sicily, Italy): Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints. Mineralogy and Petrology, 67(3-4), 213-221.

Bianchini, G., Yoshikawa, M., & Sapienza, G. T. (2010). Comparative study of ultramafic xenoliths and associated lavas from South-Eastern Sicily: nature of the lithospheric mantle and insights on magma genesis. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 111-121.

Correale, A., Martelli, M., Paonita, A., Rizzo, A., Brusca, L., & Scribano, V. (2012). New evidence of mantle heterogeneity beneath the Hyblean Plateau (southeast Sicily, Italy) as inferred from noble gases and geochemistry of ultramafic xenoliths. Lithos, 132, 70-81.

Sapienza, G. T., Griffin, W. L., O’Reilly, S. Y., & Morten, L. (2009). Petrology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of gabbro xenoliths from the Hyblean Plateau: a MARID reservoir beneath SE Sicily?. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 157(1), 1-22.

Suiting, I., & Schmincke, H. U. (2012). Iblean diatremes 3: volcanic processes on a Miocene carbonate platform (Iblean Mountains, SE-Sicily): a comparison of deep vs. shallow marine eruptive processes. Bulletin of volcanology, 74(1), 207-230.

Tonarini, S., D'Orazio, M., Armienti, P., Innocenti, F., & Scribano, V. (1996). Geochemical features of eastern Sicily lithosphere as probed by Hyblean xenoliths and lavas. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8(5), 1153-1173.

Trua, T., Esperança, S., & Mazzuoli, R. (1998). The evolution of the lithospheric mantle along the N. African Plate: geochemical and isotopic evidence from the tholeiitic and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Hyblean plateau, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 131(4), 307-322.

Localities in this Region

Italy

Sicily
- Metropolitan City of Catania
  - Catania
    - Iazzotto quarry
  - Mineo
    - Mineo meteorite
  - Palagonia
    - Mount Caliella
- Ragusa Province
  - Dirillo River (Achates River)
- Syracuse Province
  - Augusta
    - Saline

Italy

Sicily
- Syracuse Province
  - Buscemi
    - Valle Guffari
  - Melilli
    - Cozzo Molino
  - Pachino
    - Contrada Carubella (Carubella quarry)
    - Contrada Maucini
  - Priolo Gargallo
    - Grotta Scrivilleri
  - Syracuse
    - Latomia del Paradiso
      - Cordari Cave

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

African PlateTectonic Plate

Pelagian basinBasin

Italy

Sicily
- Hyblean Plateau (Hyblean Mountains; Hyblaean Plateau; Hyblaean Mountains)
  - Pachino-Passero VolcanoVolcano
- San Demetrio High (San Demetrio Ridge; San Demetrio horst)Range of Mountains and Hills

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