Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Pala Mining District | Mining District |
| San Diego County | County |
| California | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
33° North , 116° West (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~89km
Type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
3560
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:3560:9
GUID (UUID V4):
bb958f59-76c2-4501-94ea-c232c2d5f17e
Summary:
The Pala district in northwestern San Diego County, California, has been a widely known source of gem and lithium minerals. Formal mining operations began in the 1870's, but the most active period was from 1900 to 1922. Several underground gemstone mining operations on Tourmaline Queen Mountain and Chief Mountain persist to this day.
The Pala district has been the subject of many science-and industry-based reports, focusing on gemology, mineralogy, petrology, physics and other facets relating to the 400 or so Rare Earth Element (REE) pegmatite dikes (outcrops, veins, ledges, bodies, deposits, lodes etc.).
The area is also often referred to as the Pala Gem Mining District, or the Pala Pegmatite District. It is a common misnomer that the term "district" is an official designation. The Pala area was never established as an organized mining district, and as such all mining claim documents pertaining to the statutes of the United States and California were filed with the Office of the County Clerk.
The Pala Band of Mission Indians, whose reservation was established for the benefit of the CupeΓ±o and LuiseΓ±o Indians in 1891, had encompassed most of the mineral lands often referred to as the Pala District or Pala Mining District by 1903. By the year 2000, several subsequent Acts of Congress had appropriated all of the remaining public lands once open to mineral entry under the general mining laws for the benefit of the Mission Indians, excepting the federal mineral patents issued between 1913 and 1979 from the transfer.
Because of the significance of the Pala district's impact on San Diego's history and economy, the County's regional land use plan recognizes the importance of the gem mines in Pala, and generally encourages the immediate development of the eight federal mineral patents.
United States Mineral Patents granted in the Pala mining district by date issued:
1913 - Tourmaline King lode by F. B. Schuyler
1914 - Ed Fletcher Jr. lode by Ed Fletcher
1949 - Stewart Mine lode by Blanche C. Crane
1949 - Hiriart lode by George A. Ashley
1955 - Tourmaline Queen & Tourmaline Queen No. 3 lodes, Pala Chief lode, Goddess lode by Mildred S. Wear and Margaret S. Moore (Frank A. Salmons heirs)
1979 - Oceanview lode by Roland Reed
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities94 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc. 1 erroneous literature entry.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| β | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| β | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| β | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| β | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| β | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| β | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| β | LΓΆllingite | 2.EB.15a | FeAs2 |
| β | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| β | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
| β | Spinel var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| β | Hercynite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| β | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| β | Quartz var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| β | var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 Β· nH2O |
| β | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| β | Columbite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| β | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| β | Tantalite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| β | Bismutotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| β | Stibiotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| β | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 Β· 3-4H2O |
| β | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| β | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| β | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| β | Beyerite | 5.BE.35 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| β | Hambergite | 6.AB.05 | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| β | Purpurite | 8.AB.10 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| β | Triphylite | 8.AB.10 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| β | Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite (TL) | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| β | 8.AB.10 | LiMn2+PO4 | |
| β | Heterosite | 8.AB.10 | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| β | Pucherite | 8.AD.40 | Bi(VO4) |
| β | Clinobisvanite | 8.AD.65 | Bi(VO4) |
| β | Montebrasite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| β | Amblygonite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)F |
| β | Triplite | 8.BB.10 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| β | Namibite | 8.BB.50 | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| β | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| β | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| β | Hopeite | 8.CA.30 | ZnZn2(PO4)2 Β· 4H2O |
| β | Hureaulite | 8.CB.10 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 Β· 4H2O |
| β | Phosphosiderite | 8.CD.05 | FePO4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Strengite | 8.CD.10 | FePO4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Ludlamite | 8.CD.20 | Fe2+3(PO4)2 Β· 4H2O |
| β | Vivianite | 8.CE.40 | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Fairfieldite | 8.CG.05 | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Greifensteinite | 8.DA.10 | Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 Β· 6H2O |
| β | Bermanite | 8.DC.20 | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 Β· 4H2O |
| β | Strunzite | 8.DC.25 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 Β· 6H2O |
| β | Stewartite (TL) | 8.DC.30 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Leucophosphite | 8.DH.10 | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) Β· 2H2O |
| β | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) (TL) | 8.DH.15 | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Wardite | 8.DL.10 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 Β· 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
| β | Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | 9.AD.25 | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β | var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 | |
| β | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| β | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| β | Eulytine | 9.AD.40 | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| β | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| β | Kyanite ? | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| β | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| β | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| β | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Beryl var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| β | var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| β | var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| β | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| β | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| β | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| β | Foitite | 9.CK.05 | β»(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| β | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| β | Spodumene | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| β | var. Hiddenite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| β | var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| β | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
| β | Swinefordite | 9.EC.45 | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 Β· nH2O |
| β | Vermiculite | 9.EC.50 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 Β· 8H2O |
| β | Cookeite | 9.EC.55 | (LiAl4β»)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| β | Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 Β· 5H2O |
| β | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 Β· 5H2O | |
| β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Halloysite | 9.ED.10 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Hydrohalloysite | 9.ED.10 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Β· 2H2O |
| β | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1 |
| β | Petalite | 9.EF.05 | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Albite var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| β | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) | |
| β | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| β | Helvine | 9.FB.10 | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| β | Pollucite | 9.GB.05 | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) Β· 2H2O |
| β | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 Β· 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| β | 'Clay minerals' | - | |
| β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| β | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| β | 'Columbite-Tantalite' | - | |
| β | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| β | 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | '' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | 'Tourmalinated Quartz' | - | |
| β | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | β»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| β | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| β | 'Salmonsite' | - | |
| β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| β | 'Jahnsite Group' | - | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| β | 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites' | - | |
| β | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| β | 'Elbaite-Schorl Series' | - | |
| β | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| β | 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] Β· nH2O |
| β | 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| β | 'Zinnwaldite' | - | |
| β | 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' | - | |
| β | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| β | 'Tantalite' | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| β | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| β | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| β | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| β | 'Heulandite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] Β· nH2O |
| β | 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' | - | |
| β | 'Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series' | - | |
| β | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| β | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | β Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| H | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| H | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| H | β Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | β Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | β Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| H | β Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | β Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | β Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | β Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| H | β Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | β Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| H | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | β Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| H | β Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| H | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| H | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | β Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | β Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | β Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| H | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | β Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Li | β Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Li | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | β Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Li | β Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Li | β Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Li | β Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Li | β Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Li | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Be | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | β Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Be | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Be | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Be | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | β Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | β Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| B | β Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | β Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | β Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | β Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | β Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| C | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| O | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| O | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | β Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | β Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| O | β Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | β Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | β Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | β Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| O | β Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| O | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | β Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| O | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| O | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | β Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| O | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| O | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| O | β Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| O | β Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | β Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | β Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | β Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| O | β Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| O | β Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | β Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | β Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | β Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | β Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| O | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | β Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| O | β Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | β Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| O | β Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| O | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| O | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | β Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | β Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | β Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | β Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| O | β Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| O | β Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| O | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| O | β Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| O | β Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| O | β Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | β Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | β Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | β Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| O | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| O | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | β Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | β Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | β Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| O | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | β Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| F | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | β Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| F | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Na | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | β Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Na | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Na | β Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Na | β Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Mg | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Mg | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Mg | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Mg | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | β Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Al | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Al | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Al | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Al | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Al | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | β Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Al | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | β Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Al | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Al | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Al | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Al | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Al | β Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Al | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | β Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | β Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | β Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Si | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | β Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | β Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | β Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| Si | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Si | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Halloysite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Si | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Si | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | β Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | β Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | β Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Si | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Si | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | β Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Si | β Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Si | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | β Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | β Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| Si | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | β Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | β Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | β Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | β Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| P | β Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| P | β Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| P | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | β Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| P | β Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | β Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | β Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| P | β Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| P | β Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | β Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| P | β Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | β Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| P | β Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | β Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | β Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | β Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| P | β Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| P | β Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| P | β Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | β Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| P | β Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | β Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | β Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| S | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| K | β Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| K | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | β Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | β Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | β Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Ca | β Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | β Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | β Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | β Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| V | β Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| V | β Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | β Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | β Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Mn | β Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Mn | β Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | β Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Mn | β Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | β Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | β Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Mn | β Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Mn | β Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Mn | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | β Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | β Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Mn | β Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | β Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Mn | β Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | β Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | β Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | β Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Fe | β Heterosite | (Fe3+,Mn3+)PO4 |
| Fe | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Fe | β Iron | Fe |
| Fe | β Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| Fe | β LΓΆllingite | FeAs2 |
| Fe | β Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | β Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | β Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | β Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | β Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Fe | β Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | β Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Fe | β Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Fe | β Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Fe | β Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | β Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | β Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | β Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Zn | β Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | β Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | β LΓΆllingite | FeAs2 |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | β Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Nb | β Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | β Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Nb | β Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Cs | Caesium | |
| Cs | β Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | β Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | β Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Ta | β Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | β Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| Ta | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Ta | β Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | β Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Bi | β Bismutotantalite | Bi(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Bi | β Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | β Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | β Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| Bi | β Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| Bi | β Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Bi | β Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
Mindat Articles
Bismuth Ochers from San Diego Co., California by W. T. Schaller 1910 by Scott L. RitchieKunzite the Precious by William B. Gross 1905 by Scott L. Ritchie
R. H. JahnsβPegmatite Geology, Pala, San Diego, California by P. A. Saylor 1947 by Scott L. Ritchie
Localities in this Region
- California
- San Diego County
- Pala Mining District
- ⭔Pala
- Chief Mountain
- Blanket prospects
- Butterfly prospect
- Crystal King prospects
- Elizabeth R. Mine (Hazel W. claim)
- Francis prospect
- Goddess Mine (Goddess prospect; MS 6452)
- Jackpot Tunnel prospect (Butterfly prospect)
- Lower Salmons View prospect
- Margarita Mine
- Meadow prospects
- North End prospects
- Oceanview Mine (MS 6452; MS 6848; Ocean View Mine)
- Olla prospect
- Pala Chief Mine (Chief mine; MS 6452; Salmons mine)
- Redlands King prospect
- Redwing prospects (Redlands prospects; Redwings prospects)
- Verdant View prospect (Anita prospect)
- West Knickerbocker prospect
- Hiriart Mountain (Hariat Mtn; Harriot Mtn; Heriart Mtn; Heriot Mtn; Hiriat Hill)
- Chief Mountain
- ⭔Pala
- Pala Mining District
- San Diego County
- California
- San Diego County
- Pala Mining District
- Pala
- Hiriart Mountain (Hariat Mtn; Harriot Mtn; Heriart Mtn; Heriot Mtn; Hiriat Hill)
- Little Chief Mountain
- N. S. Weaver Ranch
- Pala Mountain
- Slice Mountain
- Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
- Douglass Extension prospect
- Douglass Mine
- Ed Fletcher Jr. Mine
- Gem Star Mine
- Green Cabin Mine
- Happy Hooligan prospect
- Homestake prospect
- Maud prospects
- Mission Mine
- North Douglass prospect
- Pala Douglass Mine
- Pala King prospect
- Pala View Mine
- Pasture prospect
- Stewart Extension prospect
- Stewart Mine
- Tourmaline King Mine
- Tourmaline Queen Mine
- West Canyon prospect
- White Cloud Mine
- Pala
- Pala Mining District
- San Diego County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
Stevens, R. E., Schaller, W. T. (1942) The rare alkalies in micas. American Mineralogist, 27 (8) 525-537
Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA