Millerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Richard Eddy
About Millerite
Formula:
NiS
Colour:
Pale brass-yellow, with an iridescent tarnish, and greenish-grey.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
5.3 - 5.5
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named by Wilhelm Haidinger in 1845 in honor of William Hallowes Miller [April 6, 1801, Velindre, Wales, UK - May 20, 1880, Cambridge, England, UK], professor at the University of Cambridge, who first studied the crystals. He wrote 'A Treatise on Crystallography'. Miller indices are also named after him.
Dimorph of:
Commonly found as radiating and jackstraw clusters of shiny metallic acicular crystals, pale brass-yellow with an iridescent tarnish.
Compare 'UM1989-25-S:FeNi' - a representative of the Fe1-xS-Ni1-xS (Mss) solid solution; and also crowningshieldite.
Also compare UM2008-46-S:CuIrNiOs.
Compare 'UM1989-25-S:FeNi' - a representative of the Fe1-xS-Ni1-xS (Mss) solid solution; and also crowningshieldite.
Also compare UM2008-46-S:CuIrNiOs.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2711
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2711:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7cd3e052-ff76-4a37-8d54-459aad186cf0
IMA Classification of Millerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1845
Classification of Millerite
2.CC.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
Dana 7th ed.:
2.8.16.1
2.8.16.1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.11.3
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mlr | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Mlr | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185β187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Mlr | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Millerite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Millerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Pale brass-yellow, with an iridescent tarnish, and greenish-grey.
Streak:
Greenish black
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=179 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {1011} and {0112}.
Perfect on {1011} and {0112}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.3 - 5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.374 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Millerite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 26.4% | 30.0% |
420nm | 29.8% | 34.0% |
440nm | 35.6% | 38.8% |
460nm | 41.0% | 42.1% |
480nm | 45.1% | 44.8% |
500nm | 48.4% | 46.9% |
520nm | 51.5% | 48.4% |
540nm | 53.9% | 49.8% |
560nm | 55.5% | 50.8% |
580nm | 57.0% | 51.8% |
600nm | 58.3% | 51.6% |
620nm | 59.2% | 53.3% |
640nm | 59.9% | 53.8% |
660nm | 60.4% | 54.2% |
680nm | 60.5% | 54.4% |
700nm | 60.5% | 54.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 60.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Weak in air stronger in oil
Pale yellow-brown to bright yellow
Pale yellow-brown to bright yellow
Chemistry of Millerite
Mindat Formula:
NiS
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Co,Cu
Crystallography of Millerite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.607 Å, c = 3.143 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.327
Unit Cell V:
251.22 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
9
Morphology:
Acicular crystals in radiating or jackstraw clusters; also massive.
Twinning:
None reported.
Crystallographic forms of Millerite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0005097 | Millerite | Grice J D, Ferguson R B (1974) Crystal structure refinement of millerite (B-NiS) The Canadian Mineralogist 12 248-252 | 1974 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005098 | Millerite | Rajamani V, Prewitt C T (1974) The crystal structure of millerite The Canadian Mineralogist 12 253-257 | 1974 | 0 | 293 | ||
0017358 | Millerite | Alsen N (1925) Roentgenographische Untersuchungen der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1010435 Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 47 19-73 | 1925 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0017942 | Millerite | Alsen N (1925) Roentgenographische Untersuchungen der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1011038 Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 47 19-73 | 1925 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.81 Γ | (60) |
2.95 Γ | (40) |
2.78 Γ | (100) |
2.51 Γ | (70) |
2.23 Γ | (60) |
1.86 Γ | (90) |
1.82 Γ | (50) |
1.74 Γ | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earthβs earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
Stage 3b: Earthβs earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals | |
High-π alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
38 : Ophiolites | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
Geological Setting:
A low-temperature mineral which occurs in sulfidic limestones and dolostones, and as a late-forming mineral in nickel sulfide deposits.
Type Occurrence of Millerite
Reference:
Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. XIII. Ordnung. Kiese. IV. Eisenkies. Millerit., in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie Bei BraumΓΌller and Seidel Wien: 559-562.
Synonyms of Millerite
Other Language Names for Millerite
Basque:Millerita
Finnish:Milleriitti
Italian:Millerite
Polish:Milleryt
Russian:ΠΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ
Simplified Chinese:ιιηΏ
η‘«ει
ιη‘«ιηΏ
η‘«ει
ιη‘«ιηΏ
Spanish:Millerita
Trichopyrita
Trichopyrita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
219 photos of Millerite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
191 photos of Millerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
189 photos of Millerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
119 photos of Millerite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
108 photos of Millerite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
90 photos of Millerite associated with Polydymite | Ni2+Ni3+2S4 |
79 photos of Millerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
70 photos of Millerite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
59 photos of Millerite associated with Galena | PbS |
43 photos of Millerite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 |
2.CC. | UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 |
2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.10)S |
2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 |
2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 |
2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 |
2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 |
2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 |
2.CC.05 | AchΓ‘valite | FeSe |
2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb |
2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe |
2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x β 0.4) |
2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs |
2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs |
2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | beta-NiSe |
2.CC.05 | Sobolevskite | PdBi |
2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb |
2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb |
2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS |
2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 |
2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS |
2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs |
2.CC.15 | Modderite | (Co,Fe)As |
2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As |
2.CC.15 | Westerveldite | (Fe,Ni,Co)As |
2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb |
2.CC.20 | MΓ€kinenite | Ξ³-NiSe |
2.CC.20 | UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S |
2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS |
2.CC.30 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? |
2.CC.30 | VavΕΓnite | Ni2SbTe2 |
2.CC.35a | Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
2.CC.35b | Cooperite | PtS |
2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS |
2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 |
2.CC.50 | Imgreite | NiTe (?) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Millerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2711.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Millerite
Reference List:
Localities for Millerite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
| Γina (2010) |
Antarctica | |
| Andronikov et al. (2021) |
| Egorova et al. (2015) |
| Weisberg et al. (1997) |
Argentina | |
| LΓ³pez et al. (2022) |
Paar et al. (2016) | |
| Las Especies Minerales de La Republica ... |
| Brodtkorb (1963) +1 other reference |
| de Brodtkorb (1973) |
| Tassara et al. (2017) |
Armenia | |
| Bowell et al. (2021) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Firstova et al. (2016) |
Ciazela et al. (2018) | |
| Bortnikov et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Sharkov et al. (2007) |
Australia | |
| Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets |
| Ashley (1975) |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
| Brearley et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill & Taheri |
| Anderson et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Ralph Bottrill collection | |
Bottrill & Baker +1 other reference | |
| Brown et al. (1988) |
| G.W.Cochrane 1982. Copper |
| A. R. Seymon |
| A. R. Seymon |
| Bussat (1980) |
| Marshall (2001) |
Marshall (2000) | |
| Naldrett (2004) |
| Marston (1984) |
Ostwald (1978) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Thorne (n.d.) | |
Simon (2019) | |
Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) |
Bath (2013) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| |
www.mincor.com.au (2006) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Nickel +3 other references |
| Marston (1984) +3 other references |
| Marston (1984) |
| Hollis et al. (2021) |
| Gray et al. (1996) |
Butt (2003) | |
Butt (2003) | |
Butt (2003) | |
J. Just and C.E. Feather | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... | |
Craig Basel collection | |
Marston (1984) | |
| Economic Geology +4 other references |
| Marston (1984) |
| Athena Resources |
| Grguric et al. (2018) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Disseminated and Massive Nickel ... +2 other references |
Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Chris Auer |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| M. Puttner: Carinthia II 184./104.:43-47 (1994) |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| MΓΆrtl (1985) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| MEIXNER (1958) +1 other reference |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (2000) |
| Christian Auer collection |
Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Paar +4 other references |
| Steinwender et al. (2012) |
| Strasser (2010) |
| Exel (1993) +2 other references |
| Kolitsch (2023) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
Strasser (1989) | |
Leblhuber (2000) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Unger (1969) +1 other reference |
| Landesmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Styria) +1 other reference |
| Postl (1985) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Chris Auer |
| Redlich et al. (1923) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Brigitte und Gerhard Kaller specimen |
| Alker (1972) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| www.markasit070752.ws24.cc (n.d.) |
| Ebner et al. (2001) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Meixner (1959) |
| Haditsch (1964) |
| Postl et al. (2011) |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Taucher (1989) |
| Vohryzka (1968) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Exel (1993) |
Kolitsch (2017) | |
Belgium | |
| MΓ©lon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| MΓ©lon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Leon Hupperichs collection +1 other reference |
| MΓ©lon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Joris Coron Collection +1 other reference |
MΓ©lon et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| Jans (1970) +2 other references |
| Firket (1877) +3 other references |
| Lohest (1902) +1 other reference |
| MΓ©lon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
Royal Ontario Museum specimen | |
| Royal Ontario Museum specimen |
Botswana | |
| Melgarejo et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Prichard et al. (2001) |
| Garuti et al. (2005) |
| Garuti et al. (2012) |
| Kaminsky et al. (2013) |
Kaminsky et al. (2015) | |
| Traversa et al. (2001) |
| Villas et al. (2001) |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) |
Monteiro et al. (2008) | |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Villas et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Mansur et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| Nedialkov (2008) |
| Kerestedjian (2007) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Kalaidjiev et al. (2009) |
| Lips (2006) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Vos et al. (2007) |
Jackson-Brown et al. (2014) | |
| ... |
| Seiler et al. (2023) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Nixon et al. (1990) |
| Cindy Hasler |
C. J. A. Coats et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Olivo et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Menard et al. (1996) | |
| Canadian Rockhound: 5 (1) |
| New Brunswick Mineral Occurrence Database (accessed 11/14/2022) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 +1 other reference |
| Huminicki et al. (2008) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Edwards (1990) |
| Blackadar (1981) |
Badham et al. (1980) | |
Badham et al. (1980) | |
Badham | |
| an example of volcanic-type ... +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Starfire Minerals Inc. Press release |
| Reiner Mielke |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
| PΓ©ntek et al. (2013) |
White (2012) | |
| Ford et al. (2011) |
| American Mineralogist (1930) +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Richard Gunter specimen +1 other reference |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
Hoffman et al. (1979) | |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
Grzegorz SΕowik collection | |
Hawley et al. (1962) | |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
Aksel ΓsterlΓΆf collection (found 1981) +1 other reference | |
Nelles (2014) | |
A. R. Graham et al. (1964) +6 other references | |
Springer (1989) | |
| Schandl (2004) |
| B.O.Dressler +1 other reference |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Willet Miller (1905) +2 other references |
Hawley et al. (1962) | |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Econ Geol (1986) +2 other references |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 |
| Ames et al. (2007) +5 other references |
PΓ©ntek et al. (2013) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99 |
| Can Mineral 1984 22: 13-21 |
| Reiner Mielke 2014 |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1973) +2 other references |
| 157-158. +1 other reference |
| Yuanming Pan and Michael E. Fleet (1989) |
Mulja & Mitchell (1990) | |
Ames et al. (2017) | |
| R.J. Traill 1983 |
| Cabri et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
Canadian Mineralogist et al. (1984) +1 other reference | |
N.T. Pettigrew and K.H. Hattori | |
| Wilson et al. (2013) |
| Mulja et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Naldrett A J et al. (1972) |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| David K.Joyce |
| Sabina +1 other reference |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1974) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Economic Geology +5 other references |
Mineral Record (1976) | |
Staveley (1976) | |
| Taner et al. (1998) |
| Fredric Schuster |
| Corrivaux et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1992) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1940 25 : ... +1 other reference |
| Am Min 51:677-684 |
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
| HorvΓ‘th collection |
| www.balmoralresources.com (2015) |
| McMillan (1973) |
BOIVIN (1985) | |
| Maurice et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
Watkinson et al. (1975) | |
| MacFarlane et al. (1981) |
| Yukon Geological Survey |
| Harris et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist (1955) |
Chile | |
| GonzΓ‘lez-JimΓ©nez et al. (2016) |
Galdames et al. (2010) | |
China | |
| Maozhong Min (1985) |
| Kefen Yue et al. (2005) |
| Ruiqi Wang (1977) +4 other references |
| Min (1995) |
| Jinbang Wang (1988) |
| Fenghua Zhao et al. (2005) |
| Jun Xu (1987) |
Jun Xu (1987) | |
Jun Xu (1987) | |
| Maozhong Min and Junqi Wu (1992) |
| Coveney et al. (1993) +4 other references |
Nansheng Chen (1996) | |
| Hongyang Li et al. (2000) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Min et al. (1997) |
| Wallis (2006) |
| Youbin Liang (1981) |
Chen Keqiao et al. (1981) | |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Singer et al. (2002) |
| Tian et al. (2024) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Shuhuan Hou and Jianjun Jiang (2005) |
| Zicheng Chen (1991) |
Han Zhong et al. (1981) | |
| USGS Open-File Report 03-220 |
| Xiaohui Zhang et al. (2005) |
| Yongbao Gao et al. (2012) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Zhongxiao Zhao et al. (2012) |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2000) |
| Zuzhi Lei et al. (1988) +3 other references |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) |
Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) | |
pubs.usgs.gov (2006) | |
| Xiaoqiang Hu et al. (2001) |
| Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) |
| Li Chaoyang (1996) |
| Chengjiang Zhang and Youliang Chen (2010) |
| |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Liu et al. (2024) |
| Yijun Lei et al. (2006) |
| Guo et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Wenji Bai et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (2007) |
Guofan Liu et al. (2005) | |
| Zhuangzhi Qian et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Yan Sun et al. (2009) +1 other reference | |
Yang et al. (2018) | |
| Dai et al. (2015) |
| Zhou et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Yan Tao et al. (2007) |
| Board et al. (2007) |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) +5 other references |
| Li et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) | |
Croatia | |
| Ε oΕ‘tariΔ (2009) |
Cuba | |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
| Pujol-SolΓ et al. (2018) |
| GonzΓ‘lez-JimΓ©nez et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Gevilla et al. (2005) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Zacek et al. (1995) |
| Ε arf J.: NovΓ© nΓ‘lezy v kladenskΓ½ch ... |
| Ε arf J.: NovΓ© nΓ‘lezy v kladenskΓ½ch ... |
ΕΓdkoΕ‘il | |
Ε½Γ‘Δek | |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
| PlΓ‘Ε‘il J. et al. (ΔernojamskΓ© loΕΎisko) +1 other reference |
Sejkora et al. (2023) | |
| Can Min 12 (1974) |
| Ivo VaΕ‘ina photo & specimen |
| JirΓ‘sek et al. (2012) |
| DolnΓΔek et al. (2019) |
| HorylovΓ‘ |
| Prachař +6 other references |
| ChlupΓ‘Δ (1988) |
| Fojt B. |
| Houzar et al. (ΔΓ‘st 1. Historie dolovΓ‘nΓ a mineralogie) |
| |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| |
| Hoffman |
DR Congo | |
| Gauthier et al. (1989) |
East Timor | |
| Angela Lay et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| Sharara et al. (1999) |
Ethiopia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
Finland | |
| Stanislav S. Gornostayev (2000) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1663-1686. +1 other reference |
| Andersen et al. (2006) |
Iljina | |
Iljina | |
| Mutanen |
| TΓΆrmΓ€nen et al. (eds.) +3 other references |
| 33 IGC excursion No 15 +2 other references |
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... | |
| Pelayo BarrΓ³n Francisco (2020) |
| Vuorelainen |
| Karinen |
| Jupperi Aarre 1997. The magnetite ... |
| Papunen |
| HΓ€nninen (1978) |
| Virtasalmi-Copper Database. Geological Survey of Finland (2009) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux B. (2022) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| PΓ©lisson (1989) |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les PΓ©ridotites ... +1 other reference |
| PΓ©lisson (1989) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
PΓ©lisson (1989) | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| R.PIERROT et al. (1973) |
| R.PIERROT et al. (1973) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| H. Azais |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
| H. Azais et al. |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
| H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ... | |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) +1 other reference |
| Hohh (1994) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) +1 other reference |
| Roger Lang |
| Ramdohr (1967) |
| Cedrick Gineste |
| A. Lacroix (1897) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| |
| |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Lips (2006) |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| F. MΓΌller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. MΓΌller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| Kopp et al. (2012) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Krah et al. (1988) | |
| Aufschluss 73 (7+8) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| MΓΌcke et al. (1993) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| |
BaumgΓ€rtl (2014) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| P Haas collection |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Mineralien-Welt 2004-02-34 |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Penkert et al. (2018) |
| PMB collection +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| |
K. Krause Collection | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| [Mineralogical Record 29:144] +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Jahn et al. (2009) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Rolf Golze et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Golze +3 other references | |
| Wittern (2001) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| www.minister-achenbach.de (2012) |
| Maas (1977) |
| Andreas Brand specimen |
| Maas (1977) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| |
| Ingendahl (2016) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| P Haas collection |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| collection Leon Hupperichs |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Emser Hefte 79/2 |
Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) | |
| Coll. R. Lang |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Emser Hefte 1980 (3) |
| Emser Hefte 1990 (1) |
Golze +3 other references | |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection (catalogued in 1942) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Dana 6:1039 +2 other references |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Lapis (5) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Specimen in the collection of CD ... |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| Mueller () |
| |
| Own finds +1 other reference |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| www.mindat.org (2017) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg |
| Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Lapis 2003 (2) |
| Siemroth |
| Der Kupferschieferbergbau bei Mansfeld +1 other reference |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Nickerl et al. (2000) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| collection T. Witzke |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
Massanek et al. (2005) | |
Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Haake et al. (1994) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
Frenzel (1874) | |
| TrΓΆger (2012) |
| T. Witzke & F. RΓΌger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
H.VollstΓ€dt: Einheimische Minerale | |
| A.Dietrich (2004) |
Ghana | |
| Mineralium Deposita Volume 34 Issue 3 (1999) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) |
Rieck et al. (2018) | |
| Branko Rieck collection |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| BlaΓ et al. (1998) |
| Hanke (1998) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Frank Keutsch analyses |
| Michailidis (1990) |
Michailidis (1990) | |
Michailidis (1990) | |
American Mineralogist +1 other reference | |
Tsikouras et al. (2006) | |
| Ξ¦ΟΟΞΉΞ¬Ξ΄Ξ·Ο (2010) |
| Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2019) |
| Kanellopoulos et al. (2024) |
| Kapsiotis (2013) |
| Garuti et al. (1997) |
Greenland | |
| van Acken et al. (2014) |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Bishop et al. (1980) | |
Guinea | |
| AugΓ© et al. (2018) |
Hungary | |
| SZAKΓLL et al. (2003) |
Mineral Species of Hungary | |
| SzakΓ‘ll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ... |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
| SzakΓ‘ll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral ... |
India | |
| GonzΓ‘lez-JimΓ©nez +4 other references |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| a preliminary study on the nature and genesis of the ore-fluids. Economic Geology (6) +2 other references |
| Basu et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Devaraju et al. (2014, January) +1 other reference |
| Dora et al. (2014) |
| Vaish et al. (2013) |
| Raju et al. (2007) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309 |
AugΓ© et al. (2002, July) | |
Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : 902-906 | |
Indonesia | |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
Iran | |
| Bagheri |
Ireland | |
| de Haller +1 other reference |
| Moreton et al. (1992) |
Italy | |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference | |
| G.Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Dalrio (1980) +1 other reference |
| Calanchi et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Montrasio et al. (1996) |
Bombicci (1871) +6 other references | |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
calanchi (1979) +2 other references | |
Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
Personally collected from founder of ... +1 other reference | |
AA. VV. +1 other reference | |
| Borghi et al. (1996) |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Morandi et al. (1973) +3 other references |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| www.mineralimodenesi.it (2016) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| www.fis.unipr.it (2000) |
| Adorni F. (1989) |
Roberto Bosi specimens | |
| Adorni F. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Adorni F. et al. (2005) |
| Baldizzone (2008) +1 other reference |
| G. Baldizzone 2008 - I Minerali del ... |
| M. Esposito |
| Baldizzone (2008) |
| I minerali di varie ofioliti attorno a Villa Minozzo (RE) |
| Antofilli et al. (1985) |
| |
| Analyses of Anthony Kampf of Natural ... +1 other reference |
| Moroni et al. (2019) |
| Passarino (2020) |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè (2011) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Prete (1995) |
| Callegari et al. (2002) +2 other references |
The Canadian Mineralogist | |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Moroni et al. (2019) | |
Bombicci (1877) +3 other references | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
D'Achiardi (1896) +2 other references | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
AA. VV. +2 other references | |
Brizzi et al. (1994) | |
G.Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991) | |
Stara et al. (1996) | |
Stara P. (1996) | |
Stara et al. (1996) | |
AA. VV. | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Traverso (1898) +1 other reference |
| Lecca G.C. et al. (2022) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Manuella (2011) |
Betts (n.d.) | |
| AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana) +1 other reference |
AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana) | |
| Bonifazi Marco specimen and photo. +2 other references |
Marco Bonifazi collection +1 other reference | |
Nannoni et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference | |
Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Marinai V. et al. (Livorno) |
Bonifazi (2020) | |
Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference | |
| Silvana Cosmi Collection |
Sammartino (2014) | |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Biagioni C. et al. (2019) | |
| Biagioni (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Β· Betti et al. (2017) |
| Bonechi M. |
Batacchi et al. (2015) | |
| Orlandi P. (2005) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
| Mineralogical Record (1) +1 other reference |
| Dini (2017) |
| Nimis et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Arai +4 other references |
| δΈεθͺ δΈι. (1987) |
| Hori +1 other reference |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) |
| Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) |
| Ishiyama (1982) |
| Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) +1 other reference |
| Yoshihide Shiga (1983) |
| Yoshihide Shiga (2009) |
| Go Ito |
| Hiroaki Tano |
Jordan | |
| Fleurance et al. (2013) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Prokopyev et al. (2010) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019 +2 other references |
Melcher et al. (1999) | |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) |
Saveliev et al. (2023) | |
| |
| Stepanets et al. (2018) |
Kosovo | |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
Mederski et al. (2023) | |
Mali | |
| Masurel et al. (2017) |
| David M. Lawrence et al. (2013) |
Mauritania | |
| Berger et al. (2013) |
Mexico | |
| American Mineralogist 28:257-271 +1 other reference |
Mongolia | |
| Borisenko et al. (1999) |
Morocco | |
| Lhou et al. (Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco) +1 other reference |
| JP Barral collection |
Namibia | |
| DrΓΌppel et al. (2006) |
DrΓΌppel +2 other references | |
| von Seckendorff et al. (2000) |
| Gebhard (1999) |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
T.G. Nijland | |
| Maas (1977) |
| found by Frank de Wit |
| T.G. Nijland |
New Zealand | |
| Tim Saunderson collection |
North Macedonia | |
| ΔorΔeviΔ et al. (2017) |
VujanoviΔ (1958) | |
| Spasovski et al. (2009) |
Spasovski et al. (2009) | |
Norway | |
| BjΓΈrlykke (1940) |
| Pedersen (1976) |
| Rekstad (1913) |
| Tomas Husdal - collection +1 other reference |
| Kristiansen (2022) |
| Krause et al. (1975) |
Gierth et al. (1973) +1 other reference | |
| Cook et al. (2008) |
| Brickwood (1986) |
| Nordrum (2000) |
| Nordrum et al. (1981) |
| OHNMACHT (1974) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Strand (1975) |
| Pryadunenko et al. (2015) |
| Pinet et al. (1985) |
| Ihlen (1978) |
| Ihlen (1978) |
| Added by Stuart Mills 16-11-2002 |
Oman | |
| Ahmed et al. (2003) |
| The Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000) |
Pakistan | |
| Miller et al. (1991) |
Peru | |
| Kobe (1990) |
Poland | |
| Wojtulek et al. (2016) |
| Paulo A. 1970: MineraΕy niklu i bizmutu w ΕΌyΕach kruszcowych okolicy CheΕmca (GΓ³ry Kaczawskie, Dolny ΕlΔ sk) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Andrzejewski K. (1993) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg private collection |
Andrzejewski K. (1993) | |
| Wojciech CzapliΕski |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Delura K. 2005: Magnetite-nickel sulphides-awaruite association in serpentinites from Braszowice-BrzeΕΊnica massif (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) |
| Wojtulek et al. (2016) |
| SadΕowska (2014) |
| Karwowski Ε. & Gurdziei A. 2008: ... |
| Nejbert K. 2008: Mineralogy of ... |
Morgan et al. (2000) | |
Nejbert K. 2006: New data on the ... +1 other reference | |
Kozlowski A & Wiszniewska J: (2001) | |
Morgan et al. (2000) | |
| Elek SzeΕΔg collection |
Portugal | |
| Dep Ciencias Terra FCT Universidade ... |
| Dias et al. (2006) |
Romania | |
| www.researchgate.net (n.d.) |
| Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| SzakΓ‘ll |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (2010) |
| Ilinca (2012) |
| Collected by GΓ‘bor SΓ‘nta in 2013 & ... |
Ilinca (2012) | |
Ilinca (2012) | |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Kepezhinskas et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Garuti et al. (2021) |
| Zabotina M et al. (2014) |
Zaccarini et al. (2004) | |
Saveliev et al. (2018) | |
| Kiseleva +3 other references |
Damdinov et al. (2022) | |
| Murzin et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
Popov et al. (2022) | |
| Belogub et al. (2015) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Zaykov et al. (2017) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| Ashchepkov +8 other references |
| Keren Tan (1998) +3 other references |
| Gurbanov et al. (2008) |
| |
| Sidorov et al. (2018) |
| Stepanov et al. (2021) |
| Yakich et al. (2020) |
Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Econ Geol (1986) +2 other references |
Krivolutskaya et al. (2011) | |
| Gritsenko et al. (2008) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Pekov (1998) | |
Marfin +8 other references | |
| Dai et al. (2022) |
| Skublov et al. (2007) |
| Eilu (2003) +1 other reference |
Goryachev et al. (2014) | |
| Groshev +6 other references |
Groshev +6 other references | |
Ivanov et al. (2020, July) | |
VymazalovΓ‘ et al. (2021) | |
Groshev et al. (2019) | |
| Barkov et al. (2004) |
Orsoev et al. (1985) | |
... | |
| Voytekhovskiy et al. (2008) |
Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008) | |
Grokhovskaya et al. (2003) | |
- (2014) | |
Chistyakova S et al. (2014) | |
33 IGC excursion No 48 +1 other reference | |
| Rudashevskii N S et al. (1982) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
Bazai et al. (2009) | |
| Abzalov et al. (1997) |
| Barkov et al. (2017) |
Chashchin et al. (2013) | |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) | |
| Grishaenko et al. (2007) |
| Mandarino (1996) +2 other references |
Barkov et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Ashchepkov et al. (2021) |
| Sharygin (2020) |
| Grigorβeva et al. (2018) |
| Antonov A.A. [ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π.Π.] (2003) |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| Koroteev et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Sharygin et al. (2022) |
| Kozlov et al. (2011) |
| ΠΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½ et al. (2020) |
| RRUFF specimen ID: R070379 |
| Murzin et al. (1999) |
| Mikhailov (2000) +1 other reference |
| Murzin et al. (1999) |
| Garuti et al. (2003) |
Gurskaya (2002) | |
| ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π€.Π. |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Shmelev V.R. et al. (2014) |
| Gongalsky et al. (2007) |
Gongalsky et al. (2007) | |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Prichard et al. (2008) |
Slovakia | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) +1 other reference | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
| Ε tevko M. et al. (2022) |
Ferenc et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| MyΕ‘ΔΎan et al. (2023) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| HΓ‘ber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) |
Ε tevko M. (2020) | |
PauliΕ‘ P. | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| PauliΕ‘ P. |
KodΔra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
ΔuΔa R. et al. ( Kotterbach ) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| ΔuΔa R. |
| KaliΔiak |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Duda et. all. |
| ΔuΔa |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished |
South Africa | |
| Tischler et al. (1981) |
| Hughes et al. (202) |
| McCreesh et al. (2018) |
McCreesh et al. (2018) | |
| Heinrich (1970) +1 other reference |
| McCall (2016) |
| - (2014) +1 other reference |
| Kottke-Levin (2011) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Ndhlovu (2017) |
Sutherland et al. (2013) | |
Holwell et al. (2007) | |
Armitage et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
Manyeruke (2007) | |
McCutcheon (2013) | |
| McCall (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1992) |
Am Min 54 (1969) +3 other references | |
| Gauert et al. (2022) |
Dzvinamurungu +6 other references | |
| Reeks (1996) |
| Dzvinamurungu (2012) +1 other reference |
| Andreoli et al. (1997) +4 other references |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Gutzmer et al. (2003) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
South Korea | |
| Song et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
Song et al. (1995) | |
Spain | |
| historical reports |
| Mendoza et al. (2006) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2003) |
| Calvo (2003) |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Oen et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1990) |
Econ Geol (1990) | |
Gervilla et al. (2002) | |
| I. S. Oen |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Saupe (1990) |
Fabre (n.d.) | |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2019) |
| Johnson +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
Joan Rosell | |
| LΓ³pez et al. (1990) |
Aufschluss 1974 (4) | |
| Joan Abella i Creus |
| Monterrubio et al. (1990) |
Monterrubio et al. (1990) | |
| Martin-Izard et al. (1995) |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
Tanzania | |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Harrison et al. (2014) |
| Evans et al. (2012) |
Turkey | |
| Akbulut et al. (2010) |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
Bulletin of the Mineral Research and ... | |
| Uysal +5 other references |
Uysal +5 other references | |
| Yahya Ciftci (2001) |
| Uysal (2008) |
| Xiong et al. (2022) |
| Uysal et al. (2009) |
UK | |
| Lapis 11 (2) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Tony Aldworth collection |
| Paul De Bondt collection |
| Hall (1868) +2 other references |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Rust (1996) |
| Phillips (1823) +2 other references |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Brian Young (2011) |
| Brian Young (2011) |
Brian Young (2011) | |
| Brian Young (2011) |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Green et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
NHM London & S. Rust Collection. | |
| Fisher (2009) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Andrew Lawton Collection |
| Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy" (1900) |
F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy" (1900) | |
| Ixer et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
Ford (2000) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Livingstone et al. (1976) |
| Graham et al. (2017) |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| |
5th International Platinum Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| |
| Hall (1868) |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| Ian Jones collection. Aragonite ... |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Marcasite in National Museum of Wales ... |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Natural History Museum [London] specimen |
| Day (1999) |
Rust et al. (1988) | |
Day (1999) | |
| Day (1999) |
| S.Rust Collection |
Day (1999) | |
| National Museum of Wales database +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ... |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| |
| |
| Chamosite confirmed by XRD at the ... |
National Museum of Wales collection | |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Ian Jones or national Museum of Wales ... |
Ukraine | |
| Gornostayev et al. (2002) |
| Tischenko Alexander |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:106. |
Arkansas Geological Commission | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 122. |
Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
Howard (2007) | |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| Mineralogical Record (1989) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64 +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64 +1 other reference |
Murdoch (1966) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64. +4 other references |
Pelletier | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64. +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Yates (1946) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +4 other references |
Eakle (1914) +1 other reference | |
| Becker (1888b) +3 other references |
| Becker (1888b) +2 other references |
| Hanks (1884) +1 other reference |
| Crawford (1894) +1 other reference |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +3 other references |
Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Weir +1 other reference |
| Leicht et al. (1994) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65 +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 22:205. +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Bookstrom et al. (2007) |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
Rocks & Min.: 63:194-200 | |
Min News 5:3 p6. +1 other reference | |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
Conroy (2023) | |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| AmMin 44:995-1009 |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| T. Kennedy collection +2 other references |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
Rocks & Min.:61:148 +1 other reference | |
Erd et al. (1960) | |
Erd et al. (1960) | |
Erd et al. (1960) | |
Rocks & Minerals Vol. 70 +1 other reference | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
Ley (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
Erd et al. (1960) | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| |
| E.L. Clopton collection |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Rocks & Minerals Vol. 70 +1 other reference |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Mineralogical Record 22:382 |
| |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Goldstein (2006) |
Betts (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Goldstein (2006) | |
| |
| Harold Levey specimen |
| Robert C. Smith II Ph.D. P.G. |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... |
| Parker (2005) |
| P Cristofono collection |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Dean Rossell and Steven Coombes +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
George W. Robinson and S.M. Carlson (2009) | |
| - (2005) |
| Good et al. (2010) |
- (2005) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
Beste (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Lapis 17 (1) |
- (2005) | |
Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 | |
Min News 5:3 p6 | |
| - (2005) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Beste (2005) |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:751-752. +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:22&26. +1 other reference |
| Cavender et al. (2016) |
| 'Charles I. Trantham' collection |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
Tony Smith (chasmith@shaw.ca) | |
Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
www.gswweb.org/minutes/GSW1980.htm | |
Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
gsa.confex.com (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
- (2005) | |
| Lasmanis (1977) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references |
Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +2 other references | |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) | |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24 (1986) | |
Gobla (2012) | |
| |
Nickel Deposits in Cottonwood Canyon et al. (1939) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Rocks and Minerals (2003) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Clark (2012) |
| Peters et al. (1983) |
| Rocks & Min.: 42: 483-486. |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... |
- (2005) | |
[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... | |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483 |
John H. Betts (2009) | |
| John Krygier specimens |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Stockman et al. (1984) |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) |
| Dana 6:1069 +2 other references |
Smith and Barnes (2011) +1 other reference | |
Mineralogical Record (1981) | |
| Lapham & Geyer +1 other reference |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| Dr Howard Heitner collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 13: 304-305. |
| Dana 6: 1069. |
| Mineralogy of Pennsylvania-1922 +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| "Jennifer Cindrich Collection" |
| Casanova et al. (1994) |
Rocks & Min. | |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) +2 other references |
| Heyl et al. (1959) |
| Heyl (1964) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) |
Heyl et al. (1959) | |
Heyl et al. (1959) | |
Cordura | |
Cordura | |
Heyl et al. (1959) | |
Cordura | |
Heyl et al. (1959) | |
Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Carlson (1998) |
Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) |
Cordua (1998) | |
Cordua (1998) | |
Cordua (1998) | |
Cordura | |
Cordua (1998) | |
Cordua (1998) | |
| AmMin 44:995-1009 |
Specimen in the J Chervet collection (no. 6146) +3 other references | |
| Cordura |
| 5th International Platinum Symposium ... |
Uzbekistan | |
| Wilde et al. (2000) |
Zambia | |
| Capistrant (2013) +1 other reference |
| MacIntyre (2019) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Hofmann et al. (2014) |
| Clutten et al. (1981) |
| Williams (1979) |
| Clutten et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
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Meikle Mine, Bootstrap Mining District, Elko County, Nevada, USA