Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Foothills-Wallowa Domain, North America Platei
Regional Level Types
Foothills-Wallowa DomainDomain
North America PlateTectonic Plate

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosSearch
05939660014947072544284.jpg
Pack Train Leaving for the Mines (1909 or earlier)

Galice Mining District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
00229340016509877663703.jpg
Geological map of the gold quartz veins of Grass Valley

Grass Valley Mining District, Nevada Co., California, USA
05939660014947072544284.jpg
Pack Train Leaving for the Mines (1909 or earlier)

Galice Mining District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
00229340016509877663703.jpg
Geological map of the gold quartz veins of Grass Valley

Grass Valley Mining District, Nevada Co., California, USA
05939660014947072544284.jpg
Pack Train Leaving for the Mines (1909 or earlier)

Galice Mining District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
00229340016509877663703.jpg
Geological map of the gold quartz veins of Grass Valley

Grass Valley Mining District, Nevada Co., California, USA
Locality type:
Age:
280 to 165 Ma
Geologic Time:
Reference for age:
Lund, K., Box, S. E., Holm-Denoma, C. S., San Juan, C. A., Blakely, R. J., Saltus, R. W., ... & Dewitt, E. H. (2015). Basement domain map of the conterminous United States and Alaska (Data Series 898, p. 48). US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey.
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Fresno520,052 (2017)
Bakersfield373,640 (2017)
Roseville130,269 (2017)
Visalia130,104 (2017)
Clovis104,180 (2017)
Chico90,316 (2017)


Oceanic arc
Collisional 135 Ma
Basement to arc as old as 300 Ma in Klamath Mtns (Saleeby, 1982).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

303 valid minerals. 6 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 2 erroneous literature entries.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Laizure, Clyde McK (1928), Mariposa, Madera Counties: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Mining Bureau (Report 24): 24: 123; Laizure, Clyde McK (1935), Mining activities in the San Francisco district: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Mining Bureau (Report 31): 31: 44; Julihn, C.E. and F.W. Horton (1940), Mines of the Southern Mother Lode Region, Part II - Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties; in: Mineral Industried Survey of the United States, California. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 424: 163-164; Bowen, O.E., Jr. & C.H. Gray, Jr. (1957), Mines and mineral deposits of Mariposa County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 53(1&2): 192-194, 329.
Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Minerals of California, Murdoch & Webb and from observation of specimens. Rock Currier.
Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404; [MinRec 16:143]
Alabandite
Formula: MnS
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Alforsite
Formula: Ba5(PO4)3Cl
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
'Allanite Group'
Formula: {A12+REE3+}{M13+M23+M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Altaite
Formula: PbTe
Description: Occurs on the 5,000 foot level.
Reference: Johnston, William Drumm (1940), The gold-quartz veins of Grass Valley, California: USGS PP 194, 101 pp.: 36, 44; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 61.
Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Occurs as a constituent of quartzite.
Reference: Turner, Henry Ward (1898b), Notes on rocks and minerals from California: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 5: 424; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 62; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 265.
Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1940), Thirty-sixth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 36: 107; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 62.
'Amphibole Asbestos'
Description: Exposed in a 4 foot wide zone.
Reference: Logan, Clarence August (1950), Mines and mineral resources of Madera County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 46: 450; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 396.
'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10310643.
Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Anapaite
Formula: Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Colour: Pale green
Description: Occurs as layers of crystals at a depth of 500 feet in a drill core.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 732; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 72; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000.
Anatase
Formula: TiO2
Reference: K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
'Anauxite'
Description: Occurs in a 2 foot (0.6 meters) thick layer of glauconite-anauxite sandstone.
Reference: Allen, Victor T. (1929), The Ione formation of California: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 18: 369; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 429.
Andalusite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
Reference: Sampson, Reid J. & W. Burling Tucker (1931), Feldspar, silica, andalusite, and cyanite deposits of California: California Mining Bureau. Report 27: 453; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 73.
Andalusite var. Chiastolite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Sampson, Reid J. & W. Burling Tucker (1931), Feldspar, silica, andalusite, and cyanite deposits of California: California Mining Bureau. Report 27: 453; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 73.
Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
Andradite var. Topazolite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1905a), Gems, jewelers’ materials, and ornamental stones of California: California Division Mines Bulletin 37, 171 pp.: 53; Melhase, John (1935c), Some garnet localities of California: Mineralogist: 3(11): 7-8, 22; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 196.; California journal of mines and geology, Volume 12
Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Localities: Reported from at least 24 localities in this region.
Reference: Taylor, R. D., Morgan, L. E., Jourdan, F., Monecke, T., Marsh, E. E., & Goldfarb, R. J. (2021). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal muscovite. Ore Geology Reviews, 104661.
Annabergite
Formula: Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 77.
Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
Anorthite var. Bytownite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1952, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1 - Josephine Co., 2nd Edition, page 84.
Anthophyllite
Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Antigorite
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Antimony
Formula: Sb
Description: Occurs in Au ore.
Reference: O’Brien, J.C. (1949), Mines and mineral resources of Butte County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 45: 431; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 77, 112; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 50.
Antlerite
Formula: Cu3(SO4)(OH)4
Description: Represented by CDMG specimen #21752.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 78; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 298.
'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
'Apophyllite Group'
Formula: AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Arsenic
Formula: As
Description: Occurs on the 1600 foot level as botryoidal pieces with some free gold.
Reference: Johnston, William Drumm (1937), Native arsenic from Grass Valley, California: California Division Mines Report 33: 340; Johnston, William Drumm (1940), The gold-quartz veins of Grass Valley, California: USGS PP 194, 101 pp.: 36; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 85; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 51.
Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
Localities: Reported from at least 37 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as brilliant crystals.
Reference: Blake, Wm. P. (1855), Observations on the extent of the gold region of California and Oregon, with notices of mineral localities in California and of some remarkable specimens of crystalline gold: American Journal of Science, 2nd. Series: 20: 76; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 189: 203.
Arsenopyrite var. Danaite
Formula: (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10031010.
'Asbestos'
Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10285499.
Asbolane
Formula: (Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
Reference: Melhase, John (1934), A diversity of many fine minerals available in California for collectors: Oregon Mineralogist: 2(7): 23; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 299.
Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Description: Occurs in traces.
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 54: 455-456; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 329.
Awaruite
Formula: Ni3Fe
Description: Occurs as small (0.15-1.5 mm) rounded grains in the heavy residues of sands.
Reference: Jamieson, George S. (1905), On the natural iron-nickel alloy, awaruite: American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 19: 414; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 50.
'Axinite Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Colour: Violet
Description: Occurs as large crystals, some of gem quality, with accessory titanite.
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1940), Thirty-sixth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 36: 310; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 92.
Axinite-(Mg)
Formula: Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Reference: Chris Stefano
Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 29 localities in this region.
Reference: [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Localities: Reported from at least 37 localities in this region.
Reference: Local field collectors; claim owners; Rice NW Museum of Rocks & Minerals
Bavenite
Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Description: Described as "Pilinite."
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 289.
Bazirite
Formula: BaZr(Si3O9)
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Beidellite
Formula: (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Beldongrite' ?
Formula: Mn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
Description: Thought to be present.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10033449.
Bementite
Formula: Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 182; Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 266; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 214, 413.
Benitoite
Formula: BaTi(Si3O9)
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Beryl var. Aquamarine
Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18
Reference: Dake, 1956. NW Gem Trails, 2nd ed.
'Bindheimite'
Formula: Pb2Sb2O6O
Colour: Green
Description: Occurs as opal-like material. Represented in the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) collection.
Reference: Shannon, Earl Victor (1920), The occurrence of bindheimite as an ore mineral: Economic Geology: 15: 88-93; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 104.
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Bismuth
Formula: Bi
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Bloodstone'
Formula: SiO2
Reference: The Mineralogist, v.4,no.7,p.18.
Boothite
Formula: CuSO4 · 7H2O
Description: Occurs as an unspecified Cu mine near Campo Seco.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 505.
Borax
Formula: Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 109.
Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Localities: Reported from at least 79 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Bournonite
Formula: PbCuSbS3
Reference: O’Brien, J.C. (1949), Mines and mineral resources of Butte County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 45: 431; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 77, 112; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 50, 136.
Braunite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 302-337; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414.
Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Brookite
Formula: TiO2
Reference: K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
Bütschliite
Formula: K2Ca(CO3)2
Reference: ID by PXRD, on sample field collected by Frank Callahan in ash from burned Arbutus Menziesii (madrone) trees.
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 205 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite
Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3
Reference: Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
Calomel
Formula: [Hg2]2+Cl2
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Caryopilite
Formula: Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4
Reference: Flohr, M.J.K. (1982) Geochemistry and origin of the Bald Knob manganese deposit, North Carolina. Economic Geology: 87(8): 2023-2040.
Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Celsian
Formula: Ba(Al2Si2O8)
Reference: American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 358-373, 1984; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Cerchiaraite-(Fe)
Formula: Ba4Fe3+4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Reference: Robert E. Walstrom Collection
'Chabazite'
Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
'Chabazite var. Phacolite'
Reference: Alan Goldstein
Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Localities: Reported from at least 69 localities in this region.
Reference: Maxson, John Haviland (1933), Economic geology of portions of Del Norte and Siskiyou Counties, northwesternmost California: California Division Mines Report 29: 148; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 97; www.mineralsocal.org
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 429 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Chlorargyrite
Formula: AgCl
Reference: Julihn, C.E. and F.W. Horton (1940), Mines of the Southern Mother Lode Region, Part II - Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties; in: Mineral Industried Survey of the United States, California. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 424: 164; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 195.
'Chlorite Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 61 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 664 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Chrysoberyl
Formula: BeAl2O4
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 143.
Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Localities: Reported from at least 30 localities in this region.
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 10 No. 6
'Chrysoprase'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Tucker, W. Burling (1919), El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Tehama, and Tulare Counties: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 911; MacFall (1951), Gem Hunter's Guide, 1st ed.; Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology (Report 54): 54(3): 344; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 318; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 350, 424.; Tucker, W. Burling (1919), El Dorado, Lassen, Modoc, Tehama, and Tulare Counties: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 911; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 318.; D. B. Sterrett (1912) Mineral Resources of the United States Calendar Year 1911. US Government Printing Office.
Chrysotile
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as veinlets in serpentine nodule cores.
Reference: Macdonald, Gordon Andrew (1941), Progressive metasomatism of serpentine in the Sierra Nevada of California: American Mineralogist: 2: 276-287; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 335.
Cinnabar
Formula: HgS
Localities: Reported from at least 105 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Clays'
Localities: Reported from at least 105 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as large pseudohexagonal crystals in 1 to 6 inch (2.5 - 15.25 cm) wide veins.
Reference: Durrell, C. & G.A. MacDonald (1939), Chlorite veins in serpentine near Kings River, California: American Mineralogist: 24: 452; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434.Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 135.
Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region.
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1943, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 2 - Jackson Co., page 186.
Clinochlore var. Pennine
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Durrell, C. & G.A. MacDonald (1939), Chlorite veins in serpentine near Kings River, California: American Mineralogist: 24: 452-456; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 135.
Clinochlore var. Ripidolite
Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Reference: Post, J.L. and Plummer, C.C. (1972) The chlorite series of Flagstaff Hill area, California. Clays and Clay Minerals: 20: 271-283; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433; http://cms.lanl.gov/chem.htm.
Clinochlore var. Sheridanite
Formula: (Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Reference: Post, J.L. and Plummer, C.C. (1972) The chlorite series of Flagstaff Hill area, California. Clays and Clay Minerals: 20: 271-283; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433.
'Clinoptilolite'
Formula: M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
Clinoptilolite-Na
Formula: Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Clinozoisite
Formula: {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1952, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1 - Josephine Co., 2nd Edition, page 84.
Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Habit: Pyritohedral
Description: Occurs massive and as 1 mm crystals.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 78; Dunning, Gail E. and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California.
Cobaltpentlandite
Formula: Co9S8
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Coloradoite
Formula: HgTe
Reference: Robert C. Smith, II, Ph.D., P.G. My collection. Quantitative SEM/EDS. Purchased from Ralph Merrill, Minerals Unlimited circa 1970
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
Colour: Black
Description: Occurs massive and crystalline; possibly Ta-rich.
Reference: Irelan, William, Jr. (1890a), Ninth annual report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 9, 352 pp.: 46; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 155.
Connellite
Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Habit: Acicular; grouped into radiating sprays
Colour: Blue-green
Description: Occurs as radiating groups of crystals up to 5mm diameter on cleavages of gray schist.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 156.
Cooperite
Formula: PtS
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63.
Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273, 274.
Copper
Formula: Cu
Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119; Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
Copper var. Nickel-bearing Copper
Formula: (Cu,Ni,Fe)
Reference: Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013), Lonny Hodges specimens
'Copper Stain'
Description: Occurs on cross-faults.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10008694.
Coquimbite
Formula: AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Reference: Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1867a), A notice of the peculiar mode of the occurrence of gold and silver in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and especially at Whiskey Hill, in Placer County, and Quail Hill, in Calaveras County, California: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 350-351; Browne, J.R. (1869), Report of J. Ross Browne on the mineral resources of the states and territories west of the Rocky Mountains (US Treasury Dept.), 674 pp., H.H. Bancroft and Co., San Francisco [reprint of 2]: 111; Logan, Clarence August (1936), Gold mines of Placer County: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 32): 32(1): 40; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273.
Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Reference: Am Min 35:173-184; Am Min 21:68-69
Corundum
Formula: Al2O3
Reference: Dake, 1956. NW Gem Trails, 2nd ed.
Corundum var. Sapphire
Formula: Al2O3
Reference: Dake, 1956. NW Gem Trails, 2nd ed.
Covellite
Formula: CuS
Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Cowlesite
Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Cristobalite
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1943), Thirty-ninth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 39: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 163; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 93.
Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
Localities: Reported from at least 32 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119; Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
Cuprocopiapite
Formula: Cu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273, 274.
Cuproiridsite ?
Formula: (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
Reference: Stockman, H.W., Hlava, P.F. (1984) Platinum-group minerals in alpine chromitites from southwestern Oregon. Econ. Geol.: 79: 491-508; in: Jambor, J.L. (1989): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 74: 1217
Cuprorivaite
Formula: CaCuSi4O10
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 10 No. 6
Cuprotungstite
Formula: Cu2(WO4)(OH)2
Reference: [O'Donoghue, 1978 - "Encyclopedia of Minerals & Gemstones", p284]
Daubréeite
Formula: BiO(OH)
Reference: Dr. Frank Keutsch specimen (microinclusion in awaruite nugget)
Diamond
Formula: C
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Description: A single stone was found in 1895.
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1896), Precious stones: Mineral Resources U.S., 1895: 896; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 171.
Dienerite (TL)
Formula: Ni3As
Type Locality:
Description: Minute inclusions in a sample of josephinite (awaruite).
Reference: Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L. (2021): Structural and chemical characterization of Dienerite, Ni3As, and its revalidation as mineralogical species. The Canadian Mineralogist: 59(6): 1887–1898.
Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Diopside var. Diallage
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 52; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 308.
Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Ekanite
Formula: Ca2ThSi8O20
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Elbaite
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Enargite
Formula: Cu3AsS4
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 175.
Enstatite
Formula: Mg2Si2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
Enstatite var. Bronzite
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Reference: Saul Krotki collection
Epidote
Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 76 localities in this region.
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1905a), Gems, jewelers’ materials, and ornamental stones of California: California Division Mines Bulletin 37, 171 pp.: 99; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 176.
Epistilbite
Formula: CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1952, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1 - Josephine Co., 2nd Edition, page 211.
Epsomite
Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Erionite'
Formula: M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VII Number 9 Spring 1994
Erlichmanite (TL)
Formula: OsS2
Description: Occurs as small grains about 20 microns.
Reference: Dana's New Mineralogy; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 63.; Snetsinger, K.G. (1971b) Erlichmanite (OsS2), a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 56: 1501-1506.
Erythrite
Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 78; www.mineralsocal.org
Euxenite-(Y)
Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Description: Occurs in pegmatite.
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 54(3): 455-456; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 180.
Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
Reference: Olsen E., Bunch T.E. (Am. Min. 55, 875-879, 1970); Martin, A.M.,Médard, M.,Devouard, B., Keller, L. P., Righter, K., Devidal, J-L., and Rahman, Z. (2015): Fayalite oxidation processes in Obsidian Cliffs rhyolite flow, Oregon. American Mineralogist: 100: 1153–1164.
'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Localities: Reported from at least 50 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Feldspar Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10110649 & 10187888.
Ferrimolybdite
Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1096.
Ferro-actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)OH2
'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as masses in serpentine.
Reference: Anonymous (1950), New jade occurrence in California: California Division of Mines, Mineral Information Service: 3(11): 2; Mineral Notes and News (1950), No. 150: 1; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 66; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 400.
Ferrosilite
Formula: FeSiO3
Locality: Summit Rock, Klamath Co., Oregon, USA - erroneously reported
Description: Reported "ferrosilite" is really the bronzite variety of Enstatite.
Reference: (Bill Wise, Northern California Mineralogical Association spring 2003 newsletter; Micro Probe 9(8), 2003).
Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
Reference: Wise,W.S (2003) Summit Rock Revisited.Micro Probe: 9(8): 10-13
Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Description: Radioactive; Th-bearing.
Reference: Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geology County Report 1, 370 pp.: 290; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 78.
Fluorapophyllite-(K)
Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Description: found in road cut and boulders along road north of Spray
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 118
Fluoro-edenite
Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Description: This material had previously been considered to be "magnesiohornblende".) (ID was corrected by Etienne Medard and Donald G. Howard)
Reference: Micro Probe Fall 2007 Volume X Number 6
'Freibergite Subgroup'
Formula: (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1
Reference: Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 388; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 363.
Fresnoite
Formula: Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
Reference: American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 358-373, 1984; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Gahnite
Formula: ZnAl2O4
Reference: Kent England, Pers. Comm., 3/25/13
Galena
Formula: PbS
Localities: Reported from at least 193 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena
Formula: PbS with Ag
Description: Locally prominent.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10031155.
'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 48 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Garnierite'
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197.
Garronite-Ca
Formula: Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Gedrite
Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Gehlenite
Formula: Ca2Al[AlSiO7]
Colour: Dull green
Description: Reported as "Velardenite."
Reference: Shannon, Earl Victor (1922), Velarsenite from a new locality in Tulare County, California: US National Museum Proceedings: 60, art. 22, 4 pp.:
Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1941), Thirty-seventh report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 37: 491; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197, 198; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 65, 422.
Gillespite
Formula: BaFe2+Si4O10
Reference: Pabst, Adolf (1978) Zur morphologie des taramellits. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 25: 248; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 464, 466.
'Glauconite'
Formula: (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Description: Occurs in a 2 foot (0.6 meters) thick layer of glauconite-anauxite sandstone.
Reference: Allen, Victor T. (1929), The Ione formation of California: University of California, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin: 18: 369; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 429.
Glaucophane
Formula: ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Description: Occurs as glaucophane schist.
Reference: Blake, Jr., M.C., W.P. Irwin & R.G. Coleman (1967), Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: USGS PP 575-C: 2; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
'Gmelinite'
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 69, 118
Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Gold
Formula: Au
Localities: Reported from at least 2492 localities in this region.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 270; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 81. Taylor, R. D., Morgan, L. E., Jourdan, F., Monecke, T., Marsh, E. E., & Goldfarb, R. J. (2021). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal muscovite. Ore Geology Reviews, 104661.
Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as wire argentian gold.
Reference: Hanks, Henry Garber (1885), Fifth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau Report 5, 235 pp.: 89; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 205.
'Gold Amalgam'
Reference: Schmitz (1852), Goldamalgam in Californien, letter to V. Gerolt: Deut. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr. 4: 713; Sonnenschein, F. (1854), Ueber das Vorkommen der natürlichen Goldamalgams in Californien: Deutsche geol. Gesell., Zeitschr., Band 6: 244; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 205
Graphite
Formula: C
Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region.
Reference: Browne, J.R. (1869), Report of J. Ross Browne on the mineral resources of the states and territories west of the Rocky Mountains (US Treasury Dept.), 674 pp., H.H. Bancroft and Co., San Francisco [reprint of 2]: 254; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 206.
Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Rocks & Min. 70:243
Grossular var. Hessonite
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1897), Precious stones: Mineral Resources U.S., 1896: 1204; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 196.
Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 22 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Gypsum var. Satin Spar Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Description: Veinlets.
Reference: Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geology County Report 1, 370 pp.: 197-209; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 286.
Gypsum var. Selenite
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Description: Occurs as crystals and fragments.
Reference: Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geology County Report 1, 370 pp.: 197-209; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 286.
Gyrolite
Formula: NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Description: found in road cut and boulders along road north of Spray
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 118
Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Reference: Compton, R.R. (1958), Significance of amphibole paragenesis in the Bidwell Bar region, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 893; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 400.
Hausmannite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2O4
Reference: Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 45; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 215, 362; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 167, 460.
Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
Description: Occurs disseminated at a contact zone.
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology (Report 54): 54(3): 363-364; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 70, 388.
Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Localities: Reported from at least 56 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Hematite var. Specularite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Hemimorphite
Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 218.
Hercynite
Formula: Fe2+Al2O4
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Hercynite var. Picotite
Formula: (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Hessite
Formula: Ag2Te
Description: Occurs as small specks.
Reference: Farmin, Rollin (1941), Host-rock inflation by veins and dikes at Grass Valley, California: Economic Geology: 36: 173; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 218, 278; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109.
'Heulandite'
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Heulandite-Ca
Formula: (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Reference: Phyllis Richardson
Hollingworthite
Formula: (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64.
'Hornblende'
Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region.
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)
Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Reference: Lydon, Philip Andrew (1964), Unusual phosphatic rock: California Division of Mines & Geology, Mineral Information Service: 17: 66-74; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 80, 384; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 317, 318.
'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
Reference: Howard, D. G. (2008): [Title]. International Micromounters Journal, 15 (3 & 4), 3-6.
'Iddingsite'
Formula: MgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
Reference: USGS Bull 969
Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Localities: Reported from at least 30 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Inesite ?
Formula: Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
Description: Stated to be Mn silicate - inesite type.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10028524
Irarsite
Formula: (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64.
Iridium
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Iridium var. Osmiridium
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Iridium var. Ruthenosmiridium
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43.
Iron
Formula: Fe
Reference: Farrington, Oliver Cummings (1915), Catalogue of the meteorites of North America to January 1, 1909: National Academy of Sciences Memorandum 13: 16; Scott, E.R.D., Wasson, J.T. and Buchwald, V.F. (1973) The chemical classification of iron meteorites, VII. A reinvestigation of irons with Ge concentrations between 25 and 80 ppm. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1957; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 57.
Iron var. Kamacite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Reference: Farrington, Oliver Cummings (1915), Catalogue of the meteorites of North America to January 1, 1909: National Academy of Sciences Memorandum 13: 16; Scott, E.R.D., Wasson, J.T. and Buchwald, V.F. (1973) The chemical classification of iron meteorites, VII. A reinvestigation of irons with Ge concentrations between 25 and 80 ppm. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1957; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 57.
'Iron-Platinum alloy'
Formula: (Pt,Fe)
Description: Comprises 26.5% of material.
Reference: Logan, Clarence August (1918), Platinum and allied metals in California: California Mining Bureau. Bulletin 85, 120 pp.: 65, 109; Mertie, J.B. (1969) Economic geology of the platinum metals. USGS Professional Paper 630, 120 pp.: 94; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 41.
Isoferroplatinum
Formula: Pt3Fe
Reference: Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
Jacobsite
Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
Jadeite
Formula: Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Reference: Gems & Minerals (1963): July: 20-22.
Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Kalinite
Formula: KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Reference: Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1867a), A notice of the peculiar mode of the occurrence of gold and silver in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and especially at Whiskey Hill, in Placer County, and Quail Hill, in Calaveras County, California: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 351; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 293.
Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Kassite
Formula: CaTi2O4(OH)2
Reference: Self, P.G., Buseck, P.R. (1991) Structure model for kassite, CaTi2O4(OH)2. American Mineralogist: 76: 283-287.
Kermesite
Formula: Sb2S2O
Reference: K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
'K Feldspar'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'K Feldspar var. Valencianite'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Rogers, Austin Flint (1912), Notes on rare minerals from California: Columbia University, School of Mines Quarterly: 33: 376; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 184.
Kornelite
Formula: Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273, 274.
Kotulskite
Formula: Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64.
Krauskopfite
Formula: BaSi2O5 · 3H2O
Reference: American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 358-373, 1984; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Laihunite
Formula: (Fe2+0.50.5)Fe3+[SiO4]
Reference: Microprobe Vol 9 #4, November 2001, Minerals of Obsidian Cliffs, McKenzie Pass, Lane Co, Oregon; Martin, A.M.,Médard, M.,Devouard, B., Keller, L. P., Righter, K., Devidal, J-L., and Rahman, Z. (2015): Fayalite oxidation processes in Obsidian Cliffs rhyolite flow, Oregon. American Mineralogist: 100: 1153–1164.
Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Description: Occurs as a cement in feldspathic sandstone.
Reference: Kaley, Mary Elizabeth & R.F. Hanson (1955), Laumontite and leonhardite cement in Miocene sandstone from a well in San Joaquin Valley, California: American Mineralogist: 40: 923-925; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 237; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 383.
Laurite
Formula: RuS2
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Econ Geol (1986) 81:1261-1271
Lawsonite
Formula: CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
Description: Occurs in glaucophane schist.
Reference: Blake, Jr., M.C., W.P. Irwin & R.G. Coleman (1967), Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: USGS PP 575-C: 2; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 487.
Lazulite
Formula: MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Reference: Pecora, William Thomas & Joseph John Fahey (1950), The lazulite-scorzalite isomorphous series: American Mineralogist: 35: 14.; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 240.
Lechatelierite
Formula: SiO2
Reference: California Geology, Nov. 1986.
'Lévyne'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Lévyne-Ca
Formula: (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Reference: Alan Goldstein
'Limonite'
Localities: Reported from at least 68 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Lindgrenite
Formula: Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Linnaeite
Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4
Reference: Strickler, Michael D., 1986, Geologic setting of the Turner-Albright massive sulfide deposit, Josephine County, Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 48, no. 10, pages 115-122.
Litharge
Formula: PbO
Habit: Platy
Description: Occurs as plates bordered by massicot.
Reference: Larsen, Esper Signius (1917), Massicot and litharge, the two modifications of lead monoxide: American Mineralogist: 2: 18-19; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 245.
Löllingite
Formula: FeAs2
Reference: Crowley, J.A. (1974), Löllingite and black vesuvianite from Tulare County, California: California Division Mines & Geology, California Geology: 27: 224-226; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 78; www.mineralsocal.org/scfm/california/t.htm.
Ludwigite
Formula: Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
Reference: Chesterman, C.W. (1959), Ludwigite from Fresno County, California (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 70: 1712-1713; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 246; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 236.
Macdonaldite
Formula: BaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Maghemite
Formula: (Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Magnesiochromite
Formula: MgCr2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 153.
Magnesio-hornblende
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Locality: Summit Rock, Klamath Co., Oregon, USA - erroneously reported
Description: (ID was corrected by Etienne Medard and Donald G. Howard.)
Reference: (Material previously labelled "magnesiohornblende" is now known to be fluoroedenite.)
Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 65 localities in this region.
Description: Nearly pure material in serpentine.
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 115; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 248.
Magnesite var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite
Formula: (Mg,Ni)CO3
Colour: Pale yellow-green
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 54(3): 484; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 205.
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 92 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Magnetite var. Lodestone
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 251.
Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 137 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
'Manganese Oxides'
Localities: Reported from at least 28 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10033492.
Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 130; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 253, 303, 320, 322.
Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 23 localities in this region.
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1952, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 1 - Josephine Co., 2nd Edition, pages 26-28.
Massicot
Formula: PbO
Reference: Larsen, Esper Signius (1921), The microscopic determination of nonopaque minerals: USGS Bulletin 679, 294 pp.: 106; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 257.
Maucherite
Formula: Ni11As8
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119
Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Colour: Greenish blue
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 271.
Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite
Formula: (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
Colour: Greenish blue
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 271.
Mercury
Formula: Hg
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
Reference: Maxson, John Haviland (1933), Economic geology of portions of Del Norte and Siskiyou Counties, northwesternmost California: California Division Mines Report 29: 156-158; O’Brien, J.C. (1952b), Mines and minerals of Del Norte County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 48(4): 281, 309; Cater, F.W. & F.G. Wells (1953), Geology and mineral resources of the Gasquet quadrangle, California-Oregon: USGS Bulletin 955-C: 79-133. (Del Norte Co): 125-129; Holmes, Jr., G.W. (1965), Mercury in California: in: U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8252: 169-170, 198; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 114.
Mesolite
Formula: Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Metacinnabar
Formula: HgS
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Hobson, John B. (1890), Nevada, Placer, Siskiyou Counties: California In. Bureau Report 10: 658; Aubury, Lewis E. (1903), The quicksilver resources of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 27: 196; Bradley, W.W. (1918), Quicksilver resources of California, with a section on metallurgy and ore dressing: California Mining Bureau. Bulletin 78, 389 pp.: 169; O’Brien, J.C. (1947), Mines and mineral resources of Siskiyou County: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 43): 43(4): 459-460.
'Mica Group'
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Microcline var. Hyalophane
Formula: (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Millerite
Formula: NiS
Description: Occurs in ores.
Reference: Bowen, O.E., Jr. & C.H. Gray, Jr. (1957), Mines and mineral deposits of Mariposa County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 53(1&2): 154; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64.
Minium
Formula: Pb3O4
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 267.
Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Localities: Reported from at least 55 localities in this region.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 270; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 81. Taylor, R. D., Morgan, L. E., Jourdan, F., Monecke, T., Marsh, E. E., & Goldfarb, R. J. (2021). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal muscovite. Ore Geology Reviews, 104661.
Molybdite
Formula: MoO3
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 54: 455-456; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 319.
Moncheite
Formula: Pt(Te,Bi)2
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63.
Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10163719.
Mordenite
Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 66 localities in this region.
Reference: Taylor, R. D., Morgan, L. E., Jourdan, F., Monecke, T., Marsh, E. E., & Goldfarb, R. J. (2021). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal muscovite. Ore Geology Reviews, 104661.
Muscovite var. Mariposite
Formula: K(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 115; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 256; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 426.
Muscovite var. Phengite
Formula: KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 115; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 256; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 426.
Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 51 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Naumannite
Formula: Ag2Se
Description: Occurs as micro-specks.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 218, 278; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109.
Neotocite
Formula: (Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10097012.
Népouite
Formula: (Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs as irregular veins in silicified serpentine.
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology (Report 54): 54(3): 344; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424.
Nickeline
Formula: NiAs
Reference: Bowen, O.E., Jr. & C.H. Gray, Jr. (1957), Mines and mineral deposits of Mariposa County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 53(1&2): 154; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66.
'Nickel-iron'
Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 118.
Nitratine
Formula: NaNO3
Reference: Hilgard, Eugene Woldemar (1892), Alkali lands, irrigation and drainage in their mutual relations: Report University of California, College of Agriculture, Appendix for 1890: 25-26; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 302; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 342.
Nontronite
Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4
'Ochre'
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10028454 & 10260335.
Offretite
Formula: KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Okenite
Formula: Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Opal var. Chrysopal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: D. B. Sterrett (1912) Mineral Resources of the United States Calendar Year 1911. US Government Printing Office.
Opal var. Common Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Matthew Stanley Collection
Opal var. Contra Luz Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Extra Lapis - English No. 10 Opal
Opal var. Crystal Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: USGS
Opal var. Fire Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Robert C. Beste, PG (2005) A Location Guide for Rock Hounds in the United States. 3rd ed. Hobbit Press, St. Louis. 149p.
Opal var. Hyalite
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Aidan Cerenzie Collection
Opal var. Hydrophane
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: USGS
Opal var. Jelly Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Opal var. Moss Opal
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 282.
Opal var. Opal-AN
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Opal var. Precious Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Extra Lapis - English No. 10 Opal
Opal var. Resin Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Matthew Stanley Collection
Orcelite
Formula: Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25
Description: Microinclusions in Josephinite pebble.
Reference: Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1992)
Oregonite (TL)
Formula: Ni2FeAs2
Type Locality:
Reference: Ramdohr V P, Schmitt M (1959) Oregonit ein neues Nickel-Eisenarsenid mit metallartigen Eigenschaften. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1959, 239-247.; Fleischer M (1960) New mineral names. American Mineralogist 45, 1130-1136; Dick, H. J. (1974). Terrestrial nickel-iron from the Josephine peridotite, its geologic occurrence, associations, and origin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24(2), 291-298
Orpiment
Formula: As2S3
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Osmium
Formula: (Os,Ir,Ru)
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Osmium var. Iridosmine
Formula: (Os,Ir)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Osumilite
Formula: (K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Reference: Olsen E., Bunch T.E. (Am. Min. 55, 875-879, 1970); Martin, A.M.,Médard, M.,Devouard, B., Keller, L. P., Righter, K., Devidal, J-L., and Rahman, Z. (2015): Fayalite oxidation processes in Obsidian Cliffs rhyolite flow, Oregon. American Mineralogist: 100: 1153–1164.
Osumilite-(Mg)
Formula: KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Reference: D.E. Russell Collection
Palladium
Formula: (Pd,Pt)
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45.
Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119; Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
'Petroleum var. Bitumen'
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Petzite
Formula: Ag3AuTe2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Farmin, Rollin (1941), Host-rock inflation by veins and dikes at Grass Valley, California: Economic Geology: 36: 173; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 218, 278, 286; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109.
Phenakite
Formula: Be2SiO4
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Phillipsite Subgroup'
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: personnel communication from Dr. Donald Howard
Piemontite
Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Habit: Acicular
Description: Occurs as crystals to ½ inch (1.25 cm) in meta-rhyolite.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 288-289; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485.
'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Platinum
Formula: Pt
Localities: Reported from at least 62 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Platinum-Group Elements'
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10038066.
Powellite (TL)
Formula: Ca(MoO4)
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1080; Rocks & Minerals (1995): 70: 243.
Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Proustite
Formula: Ag3AsS3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs in small amounts in a vein.
Reference: Troxel, Bennie Wyatt & P.K. Morton (1962), Mines and mineral resources of Kern County, California: California Division Mines & Geol. County Report No. 1, 370 pp.: 41; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 363.
Pseudobrookite
Formula: Fe2TiO5
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
'Pseudowollastonite'
Formula: CaSiO3
Reference: Wenk, H.R. (1969) Polymorphism of Wollastonite. Contributons to Mineralogy and Petrology: 22: 238-247; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 407.
'Psilomelane'
Localities: Reported from at least 30 localities in this region.
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 130; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 253, 303, 320, 322.
'Pumpellyite Subgroup'
Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Habit: Fibrous
Colour: Pale green
Description: Occurs as veinlets of fibrous material.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 300; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 493.
Pyrargyrite
Formula: Ag3SbS3
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Reference: Julihn, C.E. and F.W. Horton (1940), Mines of the Southern Mother Lode Region, Part II - Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties; in: Mineral Industried Survey of the United States, California. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 424: 163-164; Bowen, O.E., Jr. & C.H. Gray, Jr. (1957), Mines and mineral deposits of Mariposa County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 53(1&2): 192-194, 329; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 107, 140.
Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 601 localities in this region.
Reference: Taylor, R. D., Morgan, L. E., Jourdan, F., Monecke, T., Marsh, E. E., & Goldfarb, R. J. (2021). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous orogenic gold mineralization in the Klamath Mountains, California: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating of hydrothermal muscovite. Ore Geology Reviews, 104661.
Pyrite var. Gold-bearing Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10006822.
Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 303, 322.
Pyrophanite
Formula: Mn2+TiO3
Description: Identified in a polished section.
Reference: Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 173.
Pyrophyllite
Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
Colour: Golden-yellow
Description: Radiating tufts.
Reference: Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 318; Turner, Henry Ward (1896), Further contributions to the geology of the Sierra Nevada: USGS, 17th. Annual Report, part 1: 685; Doelter, C. (1917) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. Vol. 2: 121; Gruner, J.W. (1934) The crystal structure of pyrophyllite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 88: 412; Bowen, O.E., Jr. & C.H. Gray, Jr. (1957), Mines and mineral deposits of Mariposa County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 53(1&2): 219.
'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10138885.
Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Localities: Reported from at least 77 localities in this region.
Reference: Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 1518 localities in this region.
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Quartz var. Agate
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Rick Dalrymple Collection
Quartz var. Agate-Jasper
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Oregon Agate and Mineral Society (Map, 1971)
Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 43 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Quartz var. Dendritic Agate
Formula: SiO2
Reference: The Mineralogist, 21(12):462.
Quartz var. Iris Agate
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Heaney, P. J., & Davis, A. M. (1995). Observation and origin of self-organized textures in agates. Science, 269(5230), 1562.; Oregon Agate and Mineral Society (Map, 1971)
Quartz var. Jasper
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Gem Trails of Oregon, James R. Mitchell 1998
Quartz var. Milky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Colour: Snow-white
Reference: Blake, Wm. P. (1855), Observations on the extent of the gold region of California and Oregon, with notices of mineral localities in California and of some remarkable specimens of crystalline gold: American Journal of Science, 2nd. Series: 20: 76; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 189: 203.
Quartz var. Moss Agate
Formula: SiO2
Description: Contains white sprays.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10028681.
Quartz var. Rock Crystal
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1905a), Gems, jewelers’ materials, and ornamental stones of California: California Division Mines Bulletin 37, 171 pp.: 66; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 316.
Quartz var. Rose Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1905a), Gems, jewelers’ materials, and ornamental stones of California: California Division Mines Bulletin 37, 171 pp.: 68; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 316.
Realgar
Formula: As4S4
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Rectorite
Formula: (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Reference: www.agry.purdue.edu/cjohnston/sourceclays/RAr-1.pdf.
Reevesite
Formula: Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
Colour: Greenish yellow
Description: Occurs as flakes and powdery coatings on serpentine.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 198.
Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 130; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 253, 303, 320, 322.
Rhodonite
Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Localities: Reported from at least 77 localities in this region.
Reference: Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 103-105; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411-412.
Riebeckite
Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Habit: Acicular
Description: Occurs as clusters of needle-like crystals to ¼ inch (0.62 cm) long along a serpentine contact, in quartz-albite schist.
Reference: Durrell, C. (1940a), Metamorphism in the southern Sierra Nevada, northeast of Visalia, California: California Department of Geology Sci. Bulletin: 25: 93; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 70; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 404.
Ringwoodite ?
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html
Ruarsite
Formula: (Ru,Os)AsS
Reference: Lyon, I.C., Tamana, H., Vaughan, D.J., Criddle, A.J., Saxton, J.M., van Lierde , P. (1997) Techniques and methodology used in a mineralogical and osmium isotope study of platinum group minerals from alluvial deposits in Colombia, California, Oregon and Alaska. Mineralogical Magazine: 61: 367-375.
Rutheniridosmine
Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43.
Ruthenium
Formula: (Ru,Ir)
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45.
Rutile
Formula: TiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Sanbornite
Formula: Ba2(Si4O10)
Reference: Pabst, Adolf (1978) Zur morphologie des taramellits. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 25: 248; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 464, 466; American Mineralogist (1984): 69: 358-373.; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Micro Probe Volume X Number 2
Sassolite
Formula: H3BO3
Description: Occurs as efflorescences.
Reference: Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 69; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 239.
'Scapolite'
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
Localities: Reported from at least 84 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Reference: Am Min 35:173-184
Scolecite
Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Reference: Phyllis Richardson
Senarmontite
Formula: Sb2O3
Reference: K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
Sepiolite
Formula: Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
Reference: Gunnar Färber
'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
Localities: Reported from at least 84 localities in this region.
Reference: Eakle, Arthur Starr (1922), Massive troilite from Del Norte County, California: American Mineralogist: 7: 77-80; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 71.
'Serpentine Subgroup var. Picrolite'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Reference: (inclusions in "josephinite" nuggets) Dick, H.J.B. (1974) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24, 291-298.
Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
Description: Occurs in basalt vesicles.
Reference: Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975.
Siderite var. Sphärosiderite
Formula: FeCO3
Description: Occurs in basalt vesicles.
Reference: Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975.
'Silica'
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10115226.
Silicon
Formula: Si
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html
Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Sillimanite var. Fibrolite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Robert C. Beste, PG (2005) A Location Guide for Rock Hounds in the United States. 3rd ed. Hobbit Press, St. Louis. 149p.
Silver
Formula: Ag
Localities: Reported from at least 34 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Silver var. Native Amalgam
Formula: (Ag,Hg)
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Slawsonite (TL)
Formula: Sr(Al2Si2O8)
Type Locality:
Reference: Griffen, D.T., Ribbe, P.H., Gibbs, G.V. (1977) The structure of slawsonite, a strontium analog of paracelsian. American Mineralogist: 62: 31-35.; Hawthorne, F.C., Bladh, K.W., Burke, E.A.J., Grew, E.S., Langley, R.H., Puciewicz, J., Roberts, A.C., Schedler, R.A., Shigley, J.E., Vanko, D.A. (1987) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 72: 222-230 (225-226).
'Smectite Group'
Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
Smithsonite
Formula: ZnCO3
Description: Occurs in drusy veins.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 341.
'Soapstone'
Description: Occurs in substantial amounts.
Reference: Logan, Clarence August (1928), Tuolumne County, Butte County: California Mining Bureau. Report 24: 210; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 416.
Sonolite
Formula: Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Reference: Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502.
Sperrylite
Formula: PtAs2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63.
Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Localities: Reported from at least 135 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 346; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 148.
Stannite
Formula: Cu2FeSnS4
Reference: Strickler, Michael D., 1986, Geologic setting of the Turner-Albright massive sulfide deposit, Josephine County, Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 48, no. 10, pages 115-122.
Starkeyite
Formula: MgSO4 · 4H2O
Description: Occurs as veins in troilite.
Reference: Snetsinger, K.G. (1973) Ferroan starkeyite from Del Norte County, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 229; Snetsinger, K.G. (1975) What’s in a name: starkeyite vs. leonhardite. Mineralogical Record: 6: 144-145; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 266.
Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
Colour: Cream-coloured
Description: Occurs as fine-grained efflorescences on troilite.
Reference: Snetsinger, K.G. (1973) Ferroan starkeyite from Del Norte County, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 229; Snetsinger, K.G. (1975) What’s in a name: starkeyite vs. leonhardite. Mineralogical Record: 6: 144-145; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 266.
Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Stephanite
Formula: Ag5SbS4
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 119; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 84, 347; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 26 (map 2-14), 108, 140.
'Stibiconite'
Formula: Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)
Reference: USGS Bull 969
Stibnite
Formula: Sb2S3
Localities: Reported from at least 26 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Stilbite-Ca
Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Reference: Phyllis Richardson
'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Stilpnomelane
Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Colour: Brown
Description: Occursas plates in metachert with a pale blue amphibole
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 353; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 433.
Stromeyerite ?
Formula: AgCuS
Description: Tentatively identified.
Reference: Logan, Clarence August (1938), Mineral resources of El Dorado County: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 34): 34(3): 268; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 354.
Stützite
Formula: Ag5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36
Reference: Robert C. Smith, II, Ph.D., P.G. My collection. Quantitative SEM/EDS. Purchased from Ralph Merrill, Minerals Unlimited circa 1970
Sulphur
Formula: S8
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
Sylvanite
Formula: AgAuTe4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Sylvite
Formula: KCl
Reference: No reference listed
Tacharanite
Formula: Ca12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Taenite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Reference: Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990.
Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 112 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Tantalite'
Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Reference: Irelan, William, Jr. (1890a), Ninth annual report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 9, 352 pp.: 47; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 155.
Tellurium
Formula: Te
Reference: Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1868a), Note on three new localities of tellurium minerals in California and on some mineralogical features of the mother vein: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 380; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 360; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 51.
'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Tenorite
Formula: CuO
Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.
Reference: Aubury, Lewis E. (1902), The copper resources of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 23: 115; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183; www.mineralsocal.org
Tephroite
Formula: Mn2+2SiO4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Hewett, Donnel Foster, Charles Wesley Chesterman & Bennie Wyatt Troxel (1961), Tephroite in California manganese deposits: Economic Geology: 56: 45; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 215, 362; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 167, 460.
Tetradymite
Formula: Bi2Te2S
Description: Previously thought to be sylvanite.
Reference: Averill, Charles V. (1931), Preliminary report on economic geology of the Shasta quadrangle: California Division Mines Report 27: 49; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 270, 357, 362.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 81.
Tetraferroplatinum
Formula: PtFe
Reference: Min Mag (1997) 61:367-375
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Localities: Reported from at least 42 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite'
Formula: (Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Reference: Johnston, William Drumm (1938), Vein filling in Nevada City, California: Geol Society of America Bulletin: 49: 216; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 364; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 134.
Tetrataenite
Formula: FeNi
Reference: Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of 2017
'Thomsonite'
Reference: Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 118
Thomsonite-Ca
Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
Reference: George, D. R. (1951) Thorite in California, AM Min. 36:129-132.
Tin ?
Formula: Sn
Description: Occurs as a single small round nugget.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 367.
Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1940), Thirty-sixth report of the State Mineralogist: California Division Mines Report 36: 310; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 92.
Titantaramellite (TL)
Formula: Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Reference: Pabst, Adolf (1978) Zur morphologie des taramellits. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 25: 248; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 464, 466; Alfors, J.T. & Pabst, A. (1984): Titanian taramellites in western North America, American Mineralogist, 69, 358-373.; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Tobermorite
Formula: Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
Reference: Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
Tochilinite
Formula: Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119; Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Reference: Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Description: Occurs as minute crystals in sands.
Reference: Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1873c), On the probable existence of microscopic diamonds with zircons and topaz, in the sands of hydraulic washings in California: A.I.M.E. Transactions: 1: 385; Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 42; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 368.
'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Localities: Reported from at least 19 localities in this region.
Reference: Hietanen, Anna, 1959, Kyanite-Garnet Gedritite near Orofino, Idaho, American Mineralogist, 44: 539-564.
Tremolite
Formula: ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Busby-Spera, C. & J. Saleeby (1987). Geologic Guide to the Mineral King Area, Sequoia National Park, California. SEPM
Trevorite
Formula: Ni2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html.
Tridymite
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Kleck. W. D. (1970): Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock. American Mineralogist. 55, 1396-1404
Troilite
Formula: FeS
Description: Occurs as massive material in a shear zone of serpentine.
Reference: Eakle, Arthur Starr (1922), Massive troilite from Del Norte County, California: American Mineralogist: 7: 77-80; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 71; Dunning, Gail E. and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California.
Ulexite
Formula: NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Reference: Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1873b), Mineralogical notes on Utah, California, and Nevada, with a description of priceite a new borate of lime: American Journal of Science, 3rd. series: 6: 130; Phillips, John Arthur (1877), The alkaline and boracic lakes of California: Living AGE: 133: 637; Blake, Wm. P. (1881), Contributions to the geology of California: Mining and Scientific Press: 42: 323; Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 50.
'UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu'
Formula: (Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Reference: Stockman, H.W., Hlava, P.F. (1984) Platinum-group minerals in alpine chromitites from southwestern Oregon. Econ. Geol.: 79: 491-508; in: Jambor, J.L. (1989): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 74: 1217
'UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu'
Formula: (Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
Reference: Stockman, H.W., Hlava, P.F. (1984) Platinum-group minerals in alpine chromitites from southwestern Oregon. Econ. Geol.: 79: 491-508; in: Jambor, J.L. (1989): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 74: 1217
'UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt'
Formula: (Fe,Ni)3Pt
Reference: Stockman, H.W., Hlava, P.F. (1984) Platinum-group minerals in alpine chromitites from southwestern Oregon. Econ. Geol.: 79: 491-508; in: Jambor, J.L. (1989): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 74: 1217
'Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)'
Formula: (Sb,S)
Reference: Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer Borate District, California. Mineral Information Services A Publication of the California Division of Mines and Geology, Volume 22, Number 9, pp. 143-172
Uraninite
Formula: UO2
Description: Occurs in a pegmatite.
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology: 54: 455-456; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 187.
Uranophane
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Uvarovite
Formula: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 32 localities in this region.
Reference: Rynearson, Garn Arthur & Clay T. Smith (1940), Chromite deposits in the Seiad quadrangle, Siskiyou County, California: USGS Bulletin 922-J: 304; Allen, John E. (1941), Geologic investigation of the chromite deposits of California: California Division Mines Report 37: 123; Wells, F.G. and Cater, F.W. (1950) Chromite deposits of Siskiyou County, California. California Division Mines Bulletin 134, part 1, chapter 2: 122-126; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435, 499.
Valentinite
Formula: Sb2O3
Reference: K. Starnes, personal ID, 1985
Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Reference: California Geology: 48(5):119; Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Description: Occurs in nodules.
Reference: Pabst, Adolf (1942b), The mineralogy of metamorphosed serpentine at Humphreys, Fresno County, California: American Mineralogist: 27: 577; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 381; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435.
Vesuvianite
Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region.
Colour: Green
Reference: Kunz, George Frederick (1905a), Gems, jewelers’ materials, and ornamental stones of California: California Division Mines Bulletin 37, 171 pp.: 52; Bradley, W.W. (1916b), Fresno and Kings Counties: California Mining Bureau. Report 14: 439; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 193; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 501.
Vivianite
Formula: Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Colour: Dark blue
Description: Occurs as earthy masses.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 382.
Volborthite
Formula: Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Reference: Micro Probe Vol. 10 No. 6
Vysotskite
Formula: PdS
Reference: Sjoberg, J. and Gomes, J.M. (1980) Platinum-group minerals in California alluvial deposits. US Bureau of Mines, Reno Research Center, unpublished manuscript: 15, figure 1; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 63-64; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
'Wad'
Reference: Lindgren, Waldemar (1896a), The gold-quartz veins of Nevada City and Grass Valley districts, California: USGS 17th. Annual Report, part 2: 1-262
Wairauite
Formula: CoFe
Reference: www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Bird.html; (inclusions in "josephinite" nuggets) Dick, H.J.B. (1974) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24, 291-298.
Walstromite
Formula: BaCa2(Si3O9)
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Whitlockite
Formula: Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
Reference: Lydon, Philip Andrew (1964), Unusual phosphatic rock: California Division of Mines & Geology, Mineral Information Service: 17: 66-74; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 80, 384; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 317, 318.
Wiluite
Formula: Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Reference: AmMin 84:1466 (1999)
Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
Reference: American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 358-373, 1984; Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
'Wolframite Group'
Description: Occurs in a pipe in granodiorite.
Reference: Kerr, Paul Francis (1938), Tungsten mineralization at Oreana, Nevada Economic Geology: 33: 521; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 385.
Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
Reference: Mineralogical Record: 34(2): 159-166
Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
Reference: Goodwin, Joseph Grant (1958), Mines and mineral resources of Tulare County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology (Report 54): 54(3): 368; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 91, 389.
Zaratite
Formula: Ni3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
Description: Occurs as coatings on Chromite.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 140, 390.
'Zeolite Group'
Reference: Oregon Metal Mines Handbook, 1943, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries: Bulletin No. 14-C, Vol. 2, Section 2 - Jackson Co., page 144.
Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.
Reference: Hueneke, J.C. & Rossman, G. R. (1978): Zircons of Summit Rock, Oregon. Mineralogical Record. 6, 392-393
Zoisite
Formula: Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
Antimony1.CA.05Sb
Arsenic1.CA.05As
Awaruite1.AE.20Ni3Fe
Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Copper1.AA.05Cu
var. Nickel-bearing Copper1.AA.05(Cu,Ni,Fe)
Diamond1.CB.10aC
Gold1.AA.05Au
var. Electrum1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
Graphite1.CB.05aC
Iridium1.AF.10(Ir,Os,Ru)
var. Osmiridium1.AF.10(Ir,Os,Ru)
var. Ruthenosmiridium1.AF.10(Ir,Os,Ru)
Iron1.AE.05Fe
var. Kamacite1.AE.05(Fe,Ni)
Isoferroplatinum1.AG.35Pt3Fe
Mercury1.AD.05Hg
Osmium1.AF.05(Os,Ir,Ru)
var. Iridosmine1.AF.05(Os,Ir)
Palladium1.AF.10(Pd,Pt)
Platinum1.AF.10Pt
Rutheniridosmine1.AF.05(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ruthenium1.AF.05(Ru,Ir)
Silicon1.CB.15Si
Silver1.AA.05Ag
var. Native Amalgam1.AA.05(Ag,Hg)
Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Taenite1.AE.10(Fe,Ni)
Tellurium1.CC.10Te
Tetraferroplatinum1.AG.40PtFe
Tetrataenite1.AE.10FeNi
Tin ?1.AC.10Sn
Wairauite1.AE.15CoFe
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Acanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
Alabandite2.CD.10MnS
Altaite2.CD.10PbTe
Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
var. Danaite2.EB.20(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
Bournonite2.GA.50PbCuSbS3
Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Cinnabar2.CD.15aHgS
Cobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
Cobaltpentlandite2.BB.15Co9S8
Coloradoite2.CB.05aHgTe
Cooperite2.CC.35bPtS
Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
Cuproiridsite ?2.DA.05(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
Dienerite (TL)2.AA.55Ni3As
Enargite2.KA.05Cu3AsS4
Erlichmanite (TL)2.EB.05aOsS2
'Freibergite Subgroup'2.GB.05(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1
Galena2.CD.10PbS
var. Silver-bearing Galena2.CD.10PbS with Ag
Gersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
Hessite2.BA.60Ag2Te
Hollingworthite2.EB.25(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Irarsite2.EB.25(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Kermesite2.FD.05Sb2S2O
Kotulskite2.CC.05Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
Laurite2.EB.05aRuS2
Linnaeite2.DA.05Co2+Co3+2S4
Löllingite2.EB.15aFeAs2
Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Maucherite2.AB.15Ni11As8
Metacinnabar2.CB.05aHgS
Millerite2.CC.20NiS
Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Moncheite2.EA.20Pt(Te,Bi)2
Naumannite2.BA.55Ag2Se
Nickeline2.CC.05NiAs
Orcelite2.AB.10Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25
Oregonite (TL)2.BB.05Ni2FeAs2
Orpiment2.FA.30As2S3
Pentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
Petzite2.BA.75Ag3AuTe2
Proustite2.GA.05Ag3AsS3
Pyrargyrite2.GA.05Ag3SbS3
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
var. Gold-bearing Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Realgar2.FA.15aAs4S4
Ruarsite2.EB.20(Ru,Os)AsS
Sperrylite2.EB.05aPtAs2
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
Stannite2.CB.15aCu2FeSnS4
Stephanite2.GB.10Ag5SbS4
Stibnite2.DB.05Sb2S3
Stromeyerite ?2.BA.40AgCuS
Stützite2.BA.65Ag5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36
Sylvanite2.EA.05AgAuTe4
'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
Tetradymite2.DC.05Bi2Te2S
'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
'var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite'2.GB.05(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Tochilinite2.FD.35Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Troilite2.CC.10FeS
Valleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Vysotskite2.CC.35aPdS
Group 3 - Halides
Calomel3.AA.30[Hg2]2+Cl2
Chlorargyrite3.AA.15AgCl
Connellite3.DA.25Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Sylvite3.AA.20KCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Anatase4.DD.05TiO2
Asbolane4.FL.30(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
'Bindheimite'4.DH.20Pb2Sb2O6O
Brookite4.DD.10TiO2
Cassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
Chromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
Chrysoberyl4.BA.05BeAl2O4
Corundum4.CB.05Al2O3
var. Sapphire4.CB.05Al2O3
Cristobalite4.DA.15SiO2
Cuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
Daubréeite4.F0.25BiO(OH)
Euxenite-(Y)4.DG.05(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Gahnite4.BB.05ZnAl2O4
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
Hausmannite4.BB.10Mn2+Mn3+2O4
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
var. Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Hercynite4.BB.05Fe2+Al2O4
var. Picotite4.BB.05(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
Jacobsite4.BB.05Mn2+Fe3+2O4
Kassite4.DH.10CaTi2O4(OH)2
Lechatelierite4.DA.30SiO2
Litharge4.AC.20PbO
Maghemite4.BB.15(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4
Magnesiochromite4.BB.05MgCr2O4
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
var. Lodestone4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Manganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
Massicot4.AC.25PbO
Minium4.BD.05Pb3O4
Molybdite4.E0.10MoO3
Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Chrysopal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Common Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Contra Luz Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Crystal Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Fire Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Hyalite4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Hydrophane4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Jelly Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Moss Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Opal-AN4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Precious Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
var. Resin Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
Pseudobrookite4.CB.15Fe2TiO5
Pyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
Pyrophanite4.CB.05Mn2+TiO3
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
var. Agate4.DA.05SiO2
var. Agate-Jasper4.DA.05SiO2
var. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
var. Dendritic Agate4.DA.05SiO2
var. Iris Agate4.DA.05SiO2
var. Jasper4.DA.05SiO2
var. Milky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
var. Moss Agate4.DA.05SiO2
var. Rock Crystal4.DA.05SiO2
var. Rose Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
Senarmontite4.CB.50Sb2O3
Spinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
'Stibiconite'4.DH.20Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)
Tenorite4.AB.10CuO
Todorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Trevorite4.BB.05Ni2+Fe3+2O4
Tridymite4.DA.10SiO2
Uraninite4.DL.05UO2
Valentinite4.CB.55Sb2O3
'Wolframite Group'4.DB.30 va
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Ankerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Aragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
Azurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Bütschliite5.AC.15K2Ca(CO3)2
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
var. Manganese-bearing Calcite5.AB.05(Ca,Mn)CO3
Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Magnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite5.AB.05(Mg,Ni)CO3
Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Nitratine5.NA.05NaNO3
Reevesite5.DA.50Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
Rhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
var. Sphärosiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
Smithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
Witherite5.AB.15BaCO3
Zaratite5.DA.15Ni3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
Group 6 - Borates
Borax6.DA.10Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Ludwigite6.AB.30Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
Sassolite6.AA.05H3BO3
Ulexite6.EA.25NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Alunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Antlerite7.BB.15Cu3(SO4)(OH)4
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Boothite7.CB.35CuSO4 · 7H2O
Brochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
Copiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Coquimbite7.CB.55AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Cuprocopiapite7.DB.35Cu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Cuprotungstite7.GB.15Cu2(WO4)(OH)2
Epsomite7.CB.40MgSO4 · 7H2O
Ferrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
var. Satin Spar Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
var. Selenite7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kalinite7.CC.15KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Kornelite7.CB.60Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
Lindgrenite7.GB.05Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Melanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
var. Copper-bearing Melanterite7.CB.35(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
Powellite (TL)7.GA.05Ca(MoO4)
Scheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
Starkeyite7.CB.15MgSO4 · 4H2O
var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite7.CB.15(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Alforsite8.BN.05Ba5(PO4)3Cl
Anapaite8.CH.10Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Annabergite8.CE.40Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Autunite8.EB.05Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Erythrite8.CE.40Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Hydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Lazulite8.BB.40MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Vivianite8.CE.40Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Volborthite8.FD.05Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Whitlockite8.AC.45Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
Xenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
Group 9 - Silicates
Actinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Aegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
var. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
var. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Almandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Analcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Andalusite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
var. Chiastolite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
Andradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
var. Topazolite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
Anorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
var. Bytownite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
var. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Anthophyllite9.DD.05◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Antigorite9.ED.15Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Augite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Axinite-(Mg)9.BD.20Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Bavenite9.DF.25Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Bazirite9.CA.05BaZr(Si3O9)
Beidellite9.EC.40(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Bementite9.EE.05Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
Benitoite9.CA.05BaTi(Si3O9)
Beryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
var. Aquamarine9.CJ.05Be3Al2Si6O18
Braunite9.AG.05Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
Caryopilite9.ED.15Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4
Celsian9.FA.30Ba(Al2Si2O8)
Cerchiaraite-(Fe)9.CF.25Ba4Fe3+4O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Chrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Chrysotile9.ED.15Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Clinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore9.EC.55Mg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
var. Pennine9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
var. Ripidolite9.EC.55(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
var. Sheridanite9.EC.55(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Clinoptilolite-Na9.GE.05Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Clinozoisite9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Cordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Cowlesite9.GG.05CaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
Cuprorivaite9.EA.05CaCuSi4O10
Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
var. Diallage9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
Ekanite9.EA.10Ca2ThSi8O20
Elbaite9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Enstatite9.DA.05Mg2Si2O6
var. Bronzite9.DA.05(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Epidote9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Epistilbite9.GD.45CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Fayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
Ferro-actinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)OH2
Ferrosilite ?9.DA.05FeSiO3
Fluorapophyllite-(K)9.EA.15KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Fluoro-edenite9.DE.15NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Fresnoite9.BE.15Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
Garronite-Ca9.GC.05Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Gedrite9.DD.05◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Gehlenite9.BB.10Ca2Al[AlSiO7]
Gillespite9.EA.05BaFe2+Si4O10
'Glauconite'9.EC.(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Glaucophane9.DE.25◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Grossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
var. Hessonite9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
Gyrolite9.EE.30NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Hastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Hedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
Hemimorphite9.BD.10Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Heulandite-Ca9.GE.05(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)9.EA.15KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Inesite ?9.DL.05Ca2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
Jadeite9.DA.25Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Krauskopfite9.DH.30BaSi2O5 · 3H2O
Kyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
Laihunite9.AC.05(Fe2+0.50.5)Fe3+[SiO4]
Laumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Lawsonite9.BE.05CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
Lévyne-Ca9.GD.15(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Macdonaldite9.EB.05BaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
Magnesio-hornblende ?9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mesolite9.GA.05Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Microcline
var. Hyalophane
9.FA.30(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mordenite9.GD.35(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
var. Mariposite9.EC.15K(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
var. Phengite9.EC.15KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Natrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Neotocite9.ED.20(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Nontronite9.EC.40Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Népouite9.ED.15(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Offretite9.GD.25KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Okenite9.EA.40Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O
Orthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Osumilite9.CM.05(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Osumilite-(Mg)9.CM.05KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Phenakite9.AA.05Be2SiO4
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Piemontite9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
'Pseudowollastonite'9.CA.20CaSiO3
Pyrophyllite9.EC.10Al2Si4O10(OH)2
Rectorite9.EC.60(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Rhodonite9.DK.05CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Riebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Ringwoodite ?9.AC.15(Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
Sanbornite9.EF.10Ba2(Si4O10)
Sanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Schorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Scolecite9.GA.05CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Sepiolite9.EE.25Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
Sillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
var. Fibrolite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
Slawsonite (TL)9.FA.50Sr(Al2Si2O8)
Sonolite9.AF.55Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Spessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Staurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Stilbite-Ca9.GE.10NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Stilpnomelane9.EG.40(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Tacharanite9.HA.75Ca12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Tephroite9.AC.05Mn2+2SiO4
Thomsonite-Ca9.GA.10NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Thorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
Titantaramellite (TL)9.CE.20Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Tobermorite9.DG.10Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
Topaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Tremolite9.DE.10◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Uranophane9.AK.15Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Uvarovite9.AD.25Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
Vermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Vesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Walstromite9.CA.25BaCa2(Si3O9)
Wiluite9.BG.35Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Zoisite9.BG.10Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
''-
'Allanite Group'-{A12+REE3+}{M13+M23+M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
'Amphibole Asbestos'-
'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Anauxite'-
'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
'Apophyllite Group'-AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
'Asbestos'-
'Axinite Group'-
'Beldongrite' ?-Mn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
'Bloodstone'-SiO2
'Chabazite'-
'var. Phacolite'-
'Chlorite Group'-
'Chrysoprase'-
'Clays'-
'Clinoptilolite'-M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
'Copper Stain'-
'Erionite'-M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
'Feldspar Group'-
'Ferro-actinolite-Tremolite Series'-
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
'Garnierite'-
'Gmelinite'-
'Gold Amalgam'-
'Heulandite'-
'Hornblende'-
'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
'Iddingsite'-MgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
'Iron-Platinum alloy'-(Pt,Fe)
'K Feldspar'-KAlSi3O8
'var. Valencianite'-KAlSi3O8
'Limonite'-
'Lévyne'-
'Manganese Oxides'-
'Mica Group'-
'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
'Nickel-iron'-
'Ochre'-
'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
'Petroleum
var. Bitumen'
-
'Phillipsite Subgroup'-
'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
'Platinum-Group Elements'-
'Psilomelane'-
'Pumpellyite Subgroup'-Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
'Scapolite'-
'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
'var. Picrolite'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
'Silica'-
'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
'Soapstone'-
'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
'Thomsonite'-
'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
'UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu'-(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
'UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu'-(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
'UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt'-(Fe,Ni)3Pt
'Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)'-(Sb,S)
'Wad'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
H ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
H VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
H PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
H OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H Opal var. HyaliteSiO2 · nH2O
H Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
H Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
H Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
H StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2O
H ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
H TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
H Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
H MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
H Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
H GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
H Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
H Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
H MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
H Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
H Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
H ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
H PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
H CuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
H AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
H BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
H LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
H ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
H ZoisiteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
H Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
H StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
H Anthophyllite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
H AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
H Opal var. Fire OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H ClinoptiloliteM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
H ErioniteM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
H Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
H Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
H PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
H AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
H MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
H OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
H CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
H TacharaniteCa12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
H TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
H OkeniteCa10Si18O46 · 18H2O
H ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
H SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
H KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2O
H MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
H Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
H Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
H Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
H NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
H Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
H Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
H Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
H FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
H NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
H Opal var. Jelly OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H Opal var. Contra Luz OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H Opal var. HydrophaneSiO2 · nH2O
H Opal var. Crystal OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H Allanite Group{A12+REE3+}{M13+M23+M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
H JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
H Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
H HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
H UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
H LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
H SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
H AntleriteCu3(SO4)(OH)4
H ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
H ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
H VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
H Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
H VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
H Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
H ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
H VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
H ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
H Opal var. ChrysopalSiO2 · nH2O
H Népouite(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
H Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
H AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
H AnnabergiteNi3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
H Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
H Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
H Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
H Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H AnapaiteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
H Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
H WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
H Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
H LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
H Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
H KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
H KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
H Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
H DaubréeiteBiO(OH)
H EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
H BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
H Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
H LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
H Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
H Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
H CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
H AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
H KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
H HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
H Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
H TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
H Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
H Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
H GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
H Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
H Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
H StibiconiteSb3+Sb25+O6(OH)
H IddingsiteMgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
H EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
H Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)OH2
H BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
H SassoliteH3BO3
H BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
H Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
H BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2O
H CaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
H SonoliteMn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2
H Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
H Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
H Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
H ReevesiteNi6Fe23+(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
H KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
H CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
H CuprocopiapiteCu2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
H AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
H Opal var. Common OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H Opal var. Resin OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
H WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
H Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
H ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
H Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
H UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
H Clinozoisite{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
H Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
H BeldongriteMn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
H InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
H Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
LiLithium
Li ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
BeBeryllium
Be BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Be Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Be ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Be BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Be PhenakiteBe2SiO4
BBoron
B TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
B TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
B ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
B UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
B SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
B LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
B WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
B Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
B BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
B SassoliteH3BO3
CCarbon
C Siderite var. SphärosideriteFeCO3
C SideriteFeCO3
C AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
C CalciteCaCO3
C MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
C AragoniteCaCO3
C RhodochrositeMnCO3
C DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
C AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
C WitheriteBaCO3
C MagnesiteMgCO3
C SmithsoniteZnCO3
C GraphiteC
C Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
C ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
C DiamondC
C Magnesite var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite(Mg,Ni)CO3
C Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
C ReevesiteNi6Fe23+(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
C BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2
NNitrogen
N NitratineNaNO3
OOxygen
O PowelliteCa(MoO4)
O TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
O SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)
O CuprorivaiteCaCuSi4O10
O AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
O Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
O IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
O TridymiteSiO2
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O CristobaliteSiO2
O HematiteFe2O3
O Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
O ZirconZr(SiO4)
O PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
O EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
O ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
O VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
O Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
O PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
O AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
O Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
O AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
O Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
O AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
O Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
O ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
O QuartzSiO2
O OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
O Siderite var. SphärosideriteFeCO3
O SideriteFeCO3
O AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
O MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O CalciteCaCO3
O Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
O ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
O Opal var. HyaliteSiO2 · nH2O
O Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
O Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
O Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
O BaryteBaSO4
O StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2O
O ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
O TenoriteCuO
O CupriteCu2O
O TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
O Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
O MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
O Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
O GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O AragoniteCaCO3
O Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
O Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
O Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
O MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
O ScheeliteCa(WO4)
O SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
O RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
O Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
O TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
O Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
O ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
O RhodochrositeMnCO3
O PyrolusiteMn4+O2
O PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
O K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
O Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
O Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
O DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
O CuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
O AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
O GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
O DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
O BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
O LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
O MolybditeMoO3
O ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
O ZoisiteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
O OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
O Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
O KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
O AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
O Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
O SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
O TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
O Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
O StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
O RutileTiO2
O Corundum var. SapphireAl2O3
O CorundumAl2O3
O BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
O Anthophyllite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
O AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
O Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
O HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
O Sillimanite var. FibroliteAl2(SiO4)O
O Opal var. Fire OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O ClinoptiloliteM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
O ErioniteM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
O Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
O Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
O Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
O PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
O AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
O MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
O OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
O CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
O TacharaniteCa12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
O TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
O OkeniteCa10Si18O46 · 18H2O
O ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
O SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
O AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3Cl
O BaziriteBaZr(Si3O9)
O CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
O FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
O Microcline var. Hyalophane(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
O KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2O
O MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
O SanborniteBa2(Si4O10)
O WalstromiteBaCa2(Si3O9)
O WitheriteBaCO3
O EkaniteCa2ThSi8O20
O WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
O Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
O GillespiteBaFe2+Si4O10
O BenitoiteBaTi(Si3O9)
O Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
O Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
O NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
O Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
O MagnesiteMgCO3
O Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
O Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
O Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
O FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
O Diopside var. DiallageCaMgSi2O6
O LechatelieriteSiO2
O Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
O FayaliteFe22+SiO4
O Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
O Laihunite(Fe2+0.50.5)Fe3+[SiO4]
O NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
O Opal var. Jelly OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O Opal var. Contra Luz OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O Opal var. HydrophaneSiO2 · nH2O
O Opal var. Crystal OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O Allanite Group{A12+REE3+}{M13+M23+M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
O JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
O Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
O HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
O SmithsoniteZnCO3
O UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
O Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
O AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
O Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
O MassicotPbO
O MiniumPb3O4
O LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
O MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4
O SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
O Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
O AntleriteCu3(SO4)(OH)4
O ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
O ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
O VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
O Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
O VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
O LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
O Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
O Magnetite var. LodestoneFe2+Fe23+O4
O ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
O GahniteZnAl2O4
O VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
O ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
O Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
O Opal var. ChrysopalSiO2 · nH2O
O Népouite(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
O Andradite var. TopazoliteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
O NitratineNaNO3
O Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
O Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
O MonaziteREE(PO4)
O UraniniteUO2
O AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
O Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
O SpinelMgAl2O4
O PseudowollastoniteCaSiO3
O AnnabergiteNi3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
O Magnesite var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite(Mg,Ni)CO3
O HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
O Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
O Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
O Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
O Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
O Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
O Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O AnapaiteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
O Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
O WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
O Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
O GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]
O Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
O LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
O LithargePbO
O Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
O SenarmontiteSb2O3
O KermesiteSb2S2O
O ValentiniteSb2O3
O AnataseTiO2
O BrookiteTiO2
O UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
O KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
O JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
O Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe23+O4
O TrevoriteNi2+Fe23+O4
O KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
O Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
O DaubréeiteBiO(OH)
O EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
O BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
O HausmanniteMn2+Mn23+O4
O TephroiteMn22+SiO4
O Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
O BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
O LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
O Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
O Quartz var. Moss AgateSiO2
O Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
O CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
O AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
O KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
O HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
O Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
O ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
O TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
O Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
O Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
O GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
O Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
O Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
O StibiconiteSb3+Sb25+O6(OH)
O IddingsiteMgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
O EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
O Quartz var. Iris AgateSiO2
O Quartz var. Agate-JasperSiO2
O Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)OH2
O BindheimitePb2Sb2O6O
O BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
O SassoliteH3BO3
O BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
O Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
O BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2O
O CaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
O SonoliteMn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2
O Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
O JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
O PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
O Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
O K Feldspar var. ValencianiteKAlSi3O8
O Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
O Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
O Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
O ReevesiteNi6Fe23+(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
O ThoriteTh(SiO4)
O KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
O CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
O CuprocopiapiteCu2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
O AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
O Opal var. Common OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O Opal var. Resin OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
O WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
O Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
O ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
O Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
O PhenakiteBe2SiO4
O UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
O SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
O BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2
O Quartz var. Dendritic AgateSiO2
O BloodstoneSiO2
O Clinozoisite{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
O Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
O CassiteriteSnO2
O Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
O BeldongriteMn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
O Ringwoodite(Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
O InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
O Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
O FerrosiliteFeSiO3
FFluorine
F Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
F ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
F FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
F Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
F Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
F Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
F TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
F Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
NaSodium
Na AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Na Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Na Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Na AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Na Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Na Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Na Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Na Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Na Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Na AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Na MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Na ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Na Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Na Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Na NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Na Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Na NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Na Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Na UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Na SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Na NitratineNaNO3
Na Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Na Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Na JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Na Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Na HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Na Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Na GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Na Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Na Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Na BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Na Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Na Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Na Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Na Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Na Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
MgMagnesium
Mg TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Mg Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mg EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Mg Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Mg PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mg Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Mg Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mg AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mg TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mg StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2O
Mg TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Mg Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Mg Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
Mg Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mg DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mg DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mg Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mg Anthophyllite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mg AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mg Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Mg OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Mg SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
Mg MagnesiteMgCO3
Mg Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Mg Diopside var. DiallageCaMgSi2O6
Mg Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Mg Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Mg Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mg MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4
Mg Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mg ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mg ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mg VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Mg Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mg VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mg LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
Mg Népouite(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mg SpinelMgAl2O4
Mg Magnesite var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite(Mg,Ni)CO3
Mg Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Mg Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mg WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Mg LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Mg Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
Mg Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Mg Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Mg Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Mg Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Mg Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Mg IddingsiteMgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
Mg EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Mg Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Mg Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mg Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mg WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
Mg Ringwoodite(Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
Mg Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
AlAluminium
Al SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)
Al ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Al PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Al AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Al Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Al AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Al Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Al MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Al Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Al Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Al SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Al Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Al PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Al K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Al GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Al ZoisiteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Al OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Al Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Al KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Al AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Al Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Al SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Al Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Al StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Al Corundum var. SapphireAl2O3
Al CorundumAl2O3
Al BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Al Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Al HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Al Sillimanite var. FibroliteAl2(SiO4)O
Al ClinoptiloliteM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Al ErioniteM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Al Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Al PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Al AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Al MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Al OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Al CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
Al TacharaniteCa12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
Al ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Al CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Al Microcline var. Hyalophane(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Al Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Al Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Al NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Al Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Al Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
Al Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Al Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Al Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Al NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Al Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Al Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
Al AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Al LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Al SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Al Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Al ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Al VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Al Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Al VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Al Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Al GahniteZnAl2O4
Al SpinelMgAl2O4
Al Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Al Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Al WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Al GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]
Al LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Al Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
Al KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Al JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Al Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Al EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Al Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Al LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
Al Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Al Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Al CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Al AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Al KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
Al HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Al Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Al ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Al TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Al Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Al GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Al Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Al Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Al BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Al K Feldspar var. ValencianiteKAlSi3O8
Al Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Al Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Al Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Al AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Al Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Al ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Al Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Al SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Al Clinozoisite{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Al Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Al Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Al Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
SiSilicon
Si TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Si SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)
Si CuprorivaiteCaCuSi4O10
Si AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Si Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Si TridymiteSiO2
Si CristobaliteSiO2
Si Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Si ZirconZr(SiO4)
Si EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Si ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Si Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Si PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Si AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Si Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Si AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Si Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Si AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Si Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Si QuartzSiO2
Si OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Si Opal var. HyaliteSiO2 · nH2O
Si Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Si Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Si Clinoptilolite-NaNa6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Si Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Si SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Si RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Si Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Si TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Si Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Si PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Si K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Si Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Si GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Si DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Si ZoisiteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Si OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Si Gedrite◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Si KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Si AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Si Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Si SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Si Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Si StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Si BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Si Anthophyllite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Si AntigoriteMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si Sillimanite var. FibroliteAl2(SiO4)O
Si Opal var. Fire OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si ClinoptiloliteM3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O
Si ErioniteM2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O
Si Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Si Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Si PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Si AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Si MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Si OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Si CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
Si TacharaniteCa12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
Si TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
Si OkeniteCa10Si18O46 · 18H2O
Si ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Si SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
Si BaziriteBaZr(Si3O9)
Si CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Si FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Si Microcline var. Hyalophane(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Si KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2O
Si MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
Si SanborniteBa2(Si4O10)
Si WalstromiteBaCa2(Si3O9)
Si EkaniteCa2ThSi8O20
Si WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Si Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Si GillespiteBaFe2+Si4O10
Si BenitoiteBaTi(Si3O9)
Si Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Si Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Si NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Si Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Si Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
Si Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Si Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
Si Diopside var. DiallageCaMgSi2O6
Si LechatelieriteSiO2
Si Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Si FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Si Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
Si Laihunite(Fe2+0.50.5)Fe3+[SiO4]
Si NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. Jelly OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. Contra Luz OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. HydrophaneSiO2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. Crystal OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Allanite Group{A12+REE3+}{M13+M23+M32+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Si Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Si HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Si Andalusite var. ChiastoliteAl2(SiO4)O
Si AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Si LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Si SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Si Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Si ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Si VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Si Clinochlore var. PennineMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Si VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Si Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Si Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Si Opal var. ChrysopalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Népouite(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si Andradite var. TopazoliteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Si Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Si PseudowollastoniteCaSiO3
Si HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Si Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
Si Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Si Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Si Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Si Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Si WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Si GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]
Si Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Si Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
Si UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Si KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Si JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Si SiliconSi
Si Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Si EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Si BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Si TephroiteMn22+SiO4
Si Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Si BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Si LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
Si Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2
Si Quartz var. Moss AgateSiO2
Si Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Si HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Si Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Si TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Si Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Si Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Si GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Si Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Si IddingsiteMgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
Si Quartz var. Iris AgateSiO2
Si Quartz var. Agate-JasperSiO2
Si Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)OH2
Si BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Si Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Si CaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
Si SonoliteMn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2
Si K Feldspar var. ValencianiteKAlSi3O8
Si Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Si Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Si Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Si ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Si Opal var. Common OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Opal var. Resin OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Si ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Si Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Si PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Si UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Si SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Si Quartz var. Dendritic AgateSiO2
Si BloodstoneSiO2
Si Clinozoisite{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Si Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Si Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Si Ringwoodite(Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
Si InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
Si Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Si FerrosiliteFeSiO3
PPhosphorus
P ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
P FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
P AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3Cl
P Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
P VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
P MonaziteREE(PO4)
P AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
P AnapaiteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
P Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
P LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
P HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
P WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
SSulfur
S ErlichmaniteOsS2
S TetradymiteBi2Te2S
S MolybdeniteMoS2
S PyriteFeS2
S RealgarAs4S4
S OrpimentAs2S3
S StibniteSb2S3
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S CinnabarHgS
S SphaleriteZnS
S GalenaPbS
S BaryteBaSO4
S PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
S StarkeyiteMgSO4 · 4H2O
S ChalcociteCu2S
S CobaltiteCoAsS
S TroiliteFeS
S Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
S TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
S Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
S CobaltpentlanditeCo9S8
S GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
S Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
S MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
S BorniteCu5FeS4
S Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
S CovelliteCuS
S BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
S ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
S SulphurS8
S BismuthiniteBi2S3
S ArsenopyriteFeAsS
S JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
S ProustiteAg3AsS3
S AntleriteCu3(SO4)(OH)4
S ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
S CubaniteCuFe2S3
S AcanthiteAg2S
S PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
S LauriteRuS2
S Galena var. Silver-bearing GalenaPbS with Ag
S Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
S Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)(Sb,S)
S MarcasiteFeS2
S KermesiteSb2S2O
S MetacinnabarHgS
S LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
S StanniteCu2FeSnS4
S Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
S EnargiteCu3AsS4
S Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
S GersdorffiteNiAsS
S Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
S MilleriteNiS
S Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
S Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
S CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
S AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
S KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
S Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
S BournonitePbCuSbS3
S EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
S VysotskitePdS
S BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2O
S Pyrite var. Gold-bearing PyriteFeS2
S StephaniteAg5SbS4
S KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
S CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
S CuprocopiapiteCu2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
S CooperitePtS
S AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
S AlabanditeMnS
S Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsS
S StromeyeriteAgCuS
S Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
ClChlorine
Cl TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Cl ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Cl AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3Cl
Cl ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Cl ChlorargyriteAgCl
Cl Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Cl SylviteKCl
Cl Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Cl Calomel[Hg2]2+Cl2
KPotassium
K PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
K K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
K OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
K OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
K Microcline var. Hyalophane(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
K Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
K Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
K Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
K Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
K Osumilite-(Mg)KMg2Al3(Al2Si10)O30
K JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
K Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
K SylviteKCl
K KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O
K Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
K Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
K Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
K Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
K K Feldspar var. ValencianiteKAlSi3O8
K AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
K SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
K BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2
CaCalcium
Ca PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Ca CuprorivaiteCaCuSi4O10
Ca Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Ca Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2
Ca AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Ca Anorthite var. Bytownite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Ca AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Ca Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Ca ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Ca FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Ca AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca Mordenite(Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O
Ca GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Ca AragoniteCaCO3
Ca ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Ca RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Ca Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Ca TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Ca Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Ca DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Ca GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Ca DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Ca ZoisiteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)
Ca Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Ca Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Ca PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Ca MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
Ca OffretiteKCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O
Ca CowlesiteCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
Ca TacharaniteCa12Al2Si18O33 (OH)36
Ca TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)
Ca OkeniteCa10Si18O46 · 18H2O
Ca MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
Ca WalstromiteBaCa2(Si3O9)
Ca EkaniteCa2ThSi8O20
Ca WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Ca Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O
Ca Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
Ca Garronite-CaNa2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O
Ca Diopside var. DiallageCaMgSi2O6
Ca Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Ca UlexiteNaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O
Ca Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Ca LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Ca VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Ca Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Ca Andradite var. TopazoliteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Ca Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ca AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Ca PseudowollastoniteCaSiO3
Ca HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Ca Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Ca Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Ca Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Ca Gypsum var. Satin Spar GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Ca AnapaiteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Ca Tremolite◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Ca WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9
Ca GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]
Ca UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Ca KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Ca EpistilbiteCaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O
Ca Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Ca LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O
Ca HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Ca Axinite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH
Ca Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Ca GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O
Ca Lévyne-Ca(Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O
Ca Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Ca Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)OH2
Ca BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Ca Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Ca Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Ca HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Ca WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
Ca Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Ca ScoleciteCaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O
Ca Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Ca UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Ca BütschliiteK2Ca(CO3)2
Ca Clinozoisite{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Ca Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Ca Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Ca InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
Ca Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
TiTitanium
Ti TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Ti IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Ti PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
Ti TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Ti RutileTiO2
Ti FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Ti BenitoiteBaTi(Si3O9)
Ti Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ti AnataseTiO2
Ti BrookiteTiO2
Ti KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2
Ti Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Ti PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
VVanadium
V VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
CrChromium
Cr ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Cr Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Cr Muscovite var. MaripositeK(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2
Cr MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4
Cr Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing ClinochloreMg5(Al,Cr)2Si3O10(OH)8
Cr UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Cr UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
MnManganese
Mn SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mn RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Mn ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Mn RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mn PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mn Piemontite{Ca2}{Al2Mn3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Mn Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
Mn Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Mn BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Mn HausmanniteMn2+Mn23+O4
Mn TephroiteMn22+SiO4
Mn BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Mn Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Mn Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Mn CaryopiliteMn32+Si2O5(OH)4
Mn SonoliteMn92+(SiO4)4(OH)2
Mn Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Mn JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Mn PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
Mn Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mn AlabanditeMnS
Mn BeldongriteMn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
Mn InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
FeIron
Fe TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Fe OregoniteNi2FeAs2
Fe AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Fe Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Fe IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe HematiteFe2O3
Fe PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5
Fe Enstatite var. Bronzite(Mg,Fe2+)2[SiO3]2
Fe Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Fe AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Fe Siderite var. SphärosideriteFeCO3
Fe SideriteFeCO3
Fe AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Fe PyriteFeS2
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Fe PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Fe TroiliteFeS
Fe Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Fe TochiliniteFe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Fe Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Fe Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Fe Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
Fe Starkeyite var. Iron-bearing Starkeyite(Mg,Fe)SO4 · 4H2O
Fe MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Fe Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Fe Epidote{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Fe BorniteCu5FeS4
Fe Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Fe AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Fe StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Fe Hercynite var. Picotite(Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)2O4
Fe HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Fe GillespiteBaFe2+Si4O10
Fe Muscovite var. PhengiteKAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2
Fe ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Fe FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Fe Taenite(Fe,Ni)
Fe AwaruiteNi3Fe
Fe Osumilite(K,Na)(Fe2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)3(Si,Al)12O30
Fe FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Fe Laihunite(Fe2+0.50.5)Fe3+[SiO4]
Fe NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Fe JarositeKFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Fe SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Fe Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Fe VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Fe VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Fe LudwigiteMg2Fe3+(BO3)O2
Fe Magnetite var. LodestoneFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe VivianiteFe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O
Fe CubaniteCuFe2S3
Fe Andradite var. TopazoliteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Fe HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Fe Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Fe Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Fe AnapaiteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Fe LöllingiteFeAs2
Fe Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Fe MarcasiteFeS2
Fe JadeiteNa(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6
Fe Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe23+O4
Fe TrevoriteNi2+Fe23+O4
Fe WairauiteCoFe
Fe Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Fe Copper var. Nickel-bearing Copper(Cu,Ni,Fe)
Fe TetrataeniteFeNi
Fe StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Fe Iron-Platinum alloy(Pt,Fe)
Fe Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Fe Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
Fe CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Fe HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22OH2
Fe Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Fe IronFe
Fe Glauconite(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
Fe IddingsiteMgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O
Fe Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)OH2
Fe Neotocite(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 · H2O
Fe Pyrite var. Gold-bearing PyriteFeS2
Fe JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Fe Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Fe Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Fe Clinochlore var. Sheridanite(Mg,Al,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Fe ReevesiteNi6Fe23+(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
Fe KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
Fe CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Fe CuprocopiapiteCu2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Fe IsoferroplatinumPt3Fe
Fe TetraferroplatinumPtFe
Fe UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Fe UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt(Fe,Ni)3Pt
Fe UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
Fe BeldongriteMn18Fe2O33 · 8H2O
Fe Ringwoodite(Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4
Fe InesiteCa2(Mn,Fe)7Si10O28(OH)2 · 5H2O
Fe Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
Fe FerrosiliteFeSiO3
CoCobalt
Co CobaltiteCoAsS
Co ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Co CobaltpentlanditeCo9S8
Co Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
Co WairauiteCoFe
Co LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Co Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
NiNickel
Ni OregoniteNi2FeAs2
Ni DieneriteNi3As
Ni Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Ni MaucheriteNi11As8
Ni Taenite(Fe,Ni)
Ni AwaruiteNi3Fe
Ni ZaratiteNi3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ?
Ni Népouite(Ni,Mg)3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Ni Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O
Ni AnnabergiteNi3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Ni Magnesite var. Nickel-bearing Magnesite(Mg,Ni)CO3
Ni TrevoriteNi2+Fe23+O4
Ni Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Ni OrceliteNi5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25
Ni Copper var. Nickel-bearing Copper(Cu,Ni,Fe)
Ni TetrataeniteFeNi
Ni GersdorffiteNiAsS
Ni MilleriteNiS
Ni NickelineNiAs
Ni Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Ni ReevesiteNi6Fe23+(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O
Ni UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Ni UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt(Fe,Ni)3Pt
CuCopper
Cu CuprorivaiteCaCuSi4O10
Cu ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cu VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cu ChalcociteCu2S
Cu TenoriteCuO
Cu CupriteCu2O
Cu CopperCu
Cu Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Cu MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite(Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
Cu BorniteCu5FeS4
Cu Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cu CovelliteCuS
Cu CuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
Cu AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cu BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cu LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Cu ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cu AntleriteCu3(SO4)(OH)4
Cu ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Cu CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cu Copper var. Nickel-bearing Copper(Cu,Ni,Fe)
Cu StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Cu Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cu EnargiteCu3AsS4
Cu Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Cu Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Cu BournonitePbCuSbS3
Cu BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2O
Cu CuprocopiapiteCu2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Cu StromeyeriteAgCuS
Cu Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
ZnZinc
Zn SphaleriteZnS
Zn HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Zn SmithsoniteZnCO3
Zn GahniteZnAl2O4
Zn Serpentine Subgroup var. PicroliteD3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn
Zn Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
AsArsenic
As OregoniteNi2FeAs2
As DieneriteNi3As
As RealgarAs4S4
As OrpimentAs2S3
As CobaltiteCoAsS
As ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
As MaucheriteNi11As8
As ArsenopyriteFeAsS
As ArsenicAs
As ProustiteAg3AsS3
As SperrylitePtAs2
As AnnabergiteNi3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
As LöllingiteFeAs2
As OrceliteNi5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25
As Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
As EnargiteCu3AsS4
As GersdorffiteNiAsS
As NickelineNiAs
As Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
As Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
As Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
As Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsS
SeSelenium
Se NaumanniteAg2Se
SrStrontium
Sr SlawsoniteSr(Al2Si2O8)
Sr Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
YYttrium
Y Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Y Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
ZrZirconium
Zr ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zr BaziriteBaZr(Si3O9)
NbNiobium
Nb Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Nb Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
MoMolybdenum
Mo PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Mo MolybdeniteMoS2
Mo LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Mo MolybditeMoO3
Mo FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
RuRuthenium
Ru LauriteRuS2
Ru Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru Osmium(Os,Ir,Ru)
Ru Iridium var. Ruthenosmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru Rutheniridosmine(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ru Ruthenium(Ru,Ir)
Ru Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsS
Ru UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Ru UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
RhRhodium
Rh Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Rh Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
PdPalladium
Pd Palladium(Pd,Pt)
Pd Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Pd VysotskitePdS
Pd KotulskitePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
AgSilver
Ag SilverAg
Ag SylvaniteAgAuTe4
Ag HessiteAg2Te
Ag PetziteAg3AuTe2
Ag NaumanniteAg2Se
Ag StütziteAg5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36
Ag ProustiteAg3AsS3
Ag Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Ag AcanthiteAg2S
Ag PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
Ag ChlorargyriteAgCl
Ag Silver var. Native Amalgam(Ag,Hg)
Ag Galena var. Silver-bearing GalenaPbS with Ag
Ag Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Ag Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Ag StephaniteAg5SbS4
Ag StromeyeriteAgCuS
SnTin
Sn StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Sn CassiteriteSnO2
Sn TinSn
SbAntimony
Sb StibniteSb2S3
Sb Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Sb PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
Sb Unnamed (Antimony Sulphide)(Sb,S)
Sb SenarmontiteSb2O3
Sb KermesiteSb2S2O
Sb ValentiniteSb2O3
Sb Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Silver-bearing Tetrahedrite(Cu,Ag)6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13
Sb Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Sb AntimonySb
Sb BournonitePbCuSbS3
Sb StibiconiteSb3+Sb25+O6(OH)
Sb BindheimitePb2Sb2O6O
Sb StephaniteAg5SbS4
TeTellurium
Te TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Te SylvaniteAgAuTe4
Te HessiteAg2Te
Te PetziteAg3AuTe2
Te AltaitePbTe
Te ColoradoiteHgTe
Te StütziteAg5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36
Te MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
Te TelluriumTe
Te KotulskitePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
BaBarium
Ba TitantaramelliteBa4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx
Ba BaryteBaSO4
Ba AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3Cl
Ba BaziriteBaZr(Si3O9)
Ba CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Ba FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Ba Microcline var. Hyalophane(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Ba KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2O
Ba MacdonalditeBaCa4Si16O36(OH)2 · 10H2O
Ba SanborniteBa2(Si4O10)
Ba WalstromiteBaCa2(Si3O9)
Ba WitheriteBaCO3
Ba GillespiteBaFe2+Si4O10
Ba BenitoiteBaTi(Si3O9)
Ba Cerchiaraite-(Fe)Ba4Fe43+O3(OH)3(Si4O12)[Si2O3(OH)4]Cl
Ba Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CeCerium
Ce Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
TaTantalum
Ta Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Ta Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
WTungsten
W ScheeliteCa(WO4)
W CuprotungstiteCu2(WO4)(OH)2
OsOsmium
Os ErlichmaniteOsS2
Os Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os Osmium var. Iridosmine(Os,Ir)
Os Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os Osmium(Os,Ir,Ru)
Os Iridium var. Ruthenosmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os Rutheniridosmine(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsS
Os UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Os UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
IrIridium
Ir Iridium var. Osmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir Osmium var. Iridosmine(Os,Ir)
Ir Iridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir Osmium(Os,Ir,Ru)
Ir Iridium var. Ruthenosmiridium(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir Rutheniridosmine(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ir Ruthenium(Ru,Ir)
Ir UM1984-15-E:CrFeIrOsRu(Ru,Os,Ir,)5(Fe,Cr,Ni)6
Ir UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
Ir Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4
PtPlatinum
Pt MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
Pt SperrylitePtAs2
Pt PlatinumPt
Pt Iron-Platinum alloy(Pt,Fe)
Pt Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Pt Palladium(Pd,Pt)
Pt Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Pt CooperitePtS
Pt IsoferroplatinumPt3Fe
Pt TetraferroplatinumPtFe
Pt UM1984-18-E:FeNiPt(Fe,Ni)3Pt
Pt UM1984-17-E:FeIrOsPtRu(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt)2Fe3
AuGold
Au GoldAu
Au SylvaniteAgAuTe4
Au PetziteAg3AuTe2
Au Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
HgMercury
Hg CinnabarHgS
Hg ColoradoiteHgTe
Hg Silver var. Native Amalgam(Ag,Hg)
Hg MetacinnabarHgS
Hg MercuryHg
Hg Calomel[Hg2]2+Cl2
PbLead
Pb GalenaPbS
Pb AltaitePbTe
Pb MassicotPbO
Pb MiniumPb3O4
Pb Galena var. Silver-bearing GalenaPbS with Ag
Pb LithargePbO
Pb BournonitePbCuSbS3
Pb BindheimitePb2Sb2O6O
BiBismuth
Bi TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Bi BismuthBi
Bi BismuthiniteBi2S3
Bi MoncheitePt(Te,Bi)2
Bi DaubréeiteBiO(OH)
Bi KotulskitePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
ThThorium
Th EkaniteCa2ThSi8O20
Th Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
Th ThoriteTh(SiO4)
UUranium
U Euxenite-(Y)(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6
U UraniniteUO2
U AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
U UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O

Fossils

There are 130 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences2300
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed299 Ma (Permian)
Stratigraphic UnitsClick here to view 53 stratigraphic units.
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Archaeohagiastrum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Archaeohagiastrum171.6 - 167.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Bistarkum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Bistarkum170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Cenodiscus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Cenodiscus167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Emiluvia
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Emiluviidae : Emiluvia171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Gorgansium
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Gorgansium167.7 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Pantanellium
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Pantanellium171.6 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Praeconocaryomma
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Praeconocaryommidae : Praeconocaryomma170.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tetraditryma
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Tetraditryma171.6 - 167.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Triactoma
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Triactoma166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Trillus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Trillus167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tritrabs
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Tritrabidae : Tritrabs171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Xiphostylus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Xiphostylus171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Acanthocircus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Saturnalidae : Acanthocircus171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Bernoullius
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Gomberellidae : Bernoullius171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Cornutella
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Theoperidae : Cornutella166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Cyrtocapsa
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiidae : Cyrtocapsa170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Eucyrtidiellum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiellidae : Eucyrtidiellum171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Hsuum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Hsuidae : Hsuum171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Mirifusus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Mirifusus168.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Napora
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Ultranaporidae : Napora171.6 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Perispyridium
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Eptingiidae : Perispyridium171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Podobursa
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Syringocapsidae : Podobursa168.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Protunuma
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Unumidae : Protunuma170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Ristola
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Ristola171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Spongocapsula
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Spongocapsulidae : Spongocapsula170.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tricolocapsa
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Tricolocapsa170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Turanta
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Tripedurnulidae : Turanta167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Alpinophragmium
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Loftusiida : Coscinophragmatidae : Alpinophragmium228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Bolivina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : Bolivina37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Bulimina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Buliminidae : Bulimina37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Diplotremina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Robertinida : Variostomatidae : Diplotremina228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gyroidina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Gavelinellidae : Gyroidina37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Hastigerinella
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Hastigerinidae : Hastigerinella37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Miliolipora
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Milioliporidae : Miliolipora228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Nodosaria
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Nodosariidae : Nodosaria237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ophthalmidium
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Ophthalmidiidae : Ophthalmidium228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Planiinvoluta
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Cornuspiridae : Planiinvoluta228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tolypammina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Spirillinida : Ammodiscidae : Tolypammina228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Heptastylis
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Heptastylis237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Spongiomorpha
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Spongiomorpha228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Stromatomorpha
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Lithistida : Anthaspidellidae : Stromatomorpha228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pharetronida
order
Animalia : Porifera : Calcarea : Pharetronida228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Endostoma
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Calcarea : Endostomatidae : Endostoma237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Peronidella
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Calcarea : Stellispongiida : Stellispongiidae : Peronidella228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Precorynella
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Preperonidellidae : Precorynella228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Amblysiphonella
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida : Sebargasiidae : Amblysiphonella228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Colospongia
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida : Colospongiidae : Colospongia237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cryptocoelia
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Cryptocoeliidae : Cryptocoelia237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Discosiphonella
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Sebargasiidae : Discosiphonella237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Paradeningeria
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Solenolmiidae : Paradeningeria228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Salzburgia
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Agelasida : Salzburgiidae : Salzburgia228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Thaumastocoelia
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Thaumastocoeliidae : Thaumastocoelia228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Zardinia
genus
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Hadromerida : Polysiphonidae : Zardinia228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Anthozoa
class
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa228 - 38 Ma
Phanerozoic
Lytvophyllum
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Petalaxidae : Lytvophyllum298.9 - 290.1 Ma
Paleozoic
Tschussovskenia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Lithostrotionidae : Tschussovskenia298.9 - 290.1 Ma
Paleozoic
Scleractinia
order
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Andrazella
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Procyclolitidae : Andrazella221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ceriostella
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Margarophylliidae : Ceriostella228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Coccophyllum
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Coccophyllum221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cyathocoenia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pinacophyllidae : Cyathocoenia221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gablonzeria
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Gablonzeriidae : Gablonzeria228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Montlivaltia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Montlivaltia237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Palaeastraea
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Palaeastraea212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pamiroseris
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Pamiroseris228 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Procyclolites
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Procyclolitidae : Procyclolites228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Retiophyllia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Stuoresia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Guembelastraeidae : Stuoresia221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Stylophyllum
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Stylophyllum237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Thamnasteria
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Thamnasteriidae : Thamnasteria237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Thecosmilia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Thecosmilia228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Scaphopoda
class
Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda83.6 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Cadulus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Gadilida : Gadilidae : Cadulus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Dentalium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : Dentalium48.6 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Gastropoda
class
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda228 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Acmaea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Acmaeidae : Acmaea41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Patelloida
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lottiidae : Patelloida41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Archaeogastropoda
order
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Archaeogastropoda212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Borestus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Phymatopleuridae : Borestus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Dicosmos
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Naticopsidae : Dicosmos212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Eocalliostoma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Trochidae : Eocalliostoma212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Eucycloscala
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Seguenziida : Eucycloscalidae : Eucycloscala212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Margarites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Margaritidae : Margarites89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Worthenia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lophospiridae : Worthenia212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Yunnania
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Araeonematidae : Yunnania212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Amauropsis
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Amauropsis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Andangularia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Zygopleuridae : Andangularia212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Angularia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Purpurinidae : Angularia212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Epitonium (Boreoscala)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Epitonium : Epitonium (Boreoscala)48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Calyptraea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Calyptraea56 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Coelostylina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Coelostylinidae : Coelostylina212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Crepidula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cryptaulax
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cryptaulacidae : Cryptaulax212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cymatium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cymatiidae : Cymatium48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Diatrypesis
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Metacerithiidae : Diatrypesis212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Euchrysalis
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Coelostylinidae : Euchrysalis212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ficopsis
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Ficidae : Ficopsis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Ficus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Ficidae : Ficus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Galeodea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : Galeodea48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Gyrineum
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ranellidae : Gyrineum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Haydenia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : Haydenia89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Kittliconcha
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Settsassiidae : Kittliconcha212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Lamelliphorus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Lamelliphoridae : Lamelliphorus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Natica
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Neverita
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Neverita48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Olequahia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Bursidae : Olequahia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Palaeonarica
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Palaeonaricidae : Palaeonarica212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Perissitys
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turbinellidae : Perissitys89.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polinices
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Polinices56 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Polygyrina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Goniospiridae : Polygyrina212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Protorcula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Protorculidae : Protorcula212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ptychostoma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Prostyliferidae : Ptychostoma228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pugnellus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : Pugnellus89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Purpuroidea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Purpuroideidae : Purpuroidea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Rimella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Rostellariidae : Rimella48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Scalina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Scalina48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Spirostylus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Spirostylidae : Spirostylus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tyrsoecus (Stephanocosmia)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Murchisoniina : Loxonematidae : Tyrsoecus : Tyrsoecus (Stephanocosmia)212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Undularia (Stereokion)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Protoculidae : Undularia : Undularia (Stereokion)212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Teretrina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Mathildidae : Teretrina212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tretospira
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Purpurinidae : Tretospira212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Turritella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Undularia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Protoculidae : Undularia221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Zygopleura
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Zygopleuridae : Zygopleura212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Agasoma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Agasoma28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Bonellitia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Cancellariidae : Bonellitia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Conus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus48.6 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Exilia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Ptychatractidae : Exilia41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Molopophorus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Molopophorus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Murex
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Murex48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Olivella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Olivella48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Surculites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutidae : Surculites48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Volutoderma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pholidotomidae : Volutoderma89.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Architectonica
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectonicidae : Architectonica48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Promathildia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Allogastropoda : Gordenellidae : Promathildia221.5 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pyramidella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pyramidellidae : Pyramidella41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Turbonilla
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pyramidellidae : Turbonilla41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Paronaella
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Paronaella171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Arietoceltites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Tropitidae : Arietoceltites237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Discotropites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Tropitidae : Discotropites237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hannaoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Trachyceratidae : Hannaoceras237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Sympolycyclus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Clionititidae : Sympolycyclus232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tropites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Tropitidae : Tropites237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Phylloceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Phylloceratidae : Phylloceras161.2 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Ammonoidea
order
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea228 - 72.1 Ma
Mesozoic
Bostrychoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Nostoceratidae : Bostrychoceras83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Canadoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : Canadoceras83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Collignoniceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Collignoniceras93.9 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diplomoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Diplomoceratidae : Diplomoceras93.9 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Glyptoxoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Diplomoceratidae : Glyptoxoceras83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hyphantoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Nostoceratidae : Hyphantoceras93.9 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lyelliceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Lyelliceratidae : Lyelliceras112.03 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Oxytropidoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Brancoceratidae : Oxytropidoceras112.03 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Perisphinctes
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes163.5 - 152.1 Ma
Jurassic
Cadoceras (Pseudocadoceras)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Cardioceratidae : Cadoceras : Cadoceras (Pseudocadoceras)161.2 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Scalarites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Diplomoceratidae : Scalarites93.5 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Submortoniceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tragodesmoceras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Muniericeratidae : Tragodesmoceras93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Belemnites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Belemnitida : Belemnites163.5 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Aulacocerida
order
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Aulacocerida228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Bivalvia
class
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia237 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Nuculana
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Barbatia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Glycymeris
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris89.8 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Brachidontes
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Brachidontes41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Musculus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Musculus56 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Mytilus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus41.3 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Pinna
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : Pinna163.5 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Antiquilima
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Antiquilima221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Chlamys
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys170.3 - 152.1 Ma
Jurassic
Entolium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entoliidae : Entolium161.2 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Gryphaea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Inoceramus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Inoceramus170.3 - 70.6 Ma
Mesozoic
Lima
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima170.3 - 33.9 Ma
Phanerozoic
Liostrea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Liostrea221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Lopha
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Lopha221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Meleagrinella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Oxytomidae : Meleagrinella163.5 - 152.1 Ma
Jurassic
Ostrea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostraea163.5 - 33.9 Ma
Phanerozoic
Pecten
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Pecten28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Plicatula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pteria
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : Pteria41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Spondylus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : Spondylus56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Trigonia (Kumatrigonia)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia : Trigonia (Kumatrigonia)228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Trigonia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia163.5 - 83.6 Ma
Mesozoic
Acanthocardia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Acanthocardia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Aphrodina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida : Cycloconchidae : Aphrodina89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Callista
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Callista56 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Chione
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Chione28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Crassatella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Crassatella48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Dosinia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Dosinia28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Fimbria
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Fimbria166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Gari
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Psammobiidae : Gari48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Loripes
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Loripes89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Macoma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Macoma48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Macrocallista
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Macrocallista41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Mactromeris
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Mactromeris41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Nemocardium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Nemocardium48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Pitar
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Pitar56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Schedocardia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Schedocardia41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Semele
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Semelidae : Semele41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Septocardia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Septocardia228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Solen
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Solenidae : Solen48.6 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Spisula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Spisula48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tellina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina89.8 - 23.03 Ma
Phanerozoic
Trigonocallista
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Trigonocallista86.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tutcheria
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Tutcheria221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Venericardia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Venericardia56 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Corbula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Corbulidae : Corbula89.8 - 37.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Martesia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Pholadidae : Martesia89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Teredo
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Teredinidae : Teredo48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Homomya
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Homomya28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Ostracoda
class
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Brachiopoda
phylum
Animalia : Brachiopoda228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Discinisca
genus
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Discinidae : Discinisca41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Rhynchonellida
order
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Spiriferida
order
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Spondylospira
genus
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Spondylospira228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Vitimetula
genus
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Vitimetula212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Zugmayerella
genus
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Zugmayerella228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Terebratulida
order
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Echinodermata
phylum
Animalia : Echinodermata228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Asteroidea
class
Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crinoidea
class
Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea237 - 72.1 Ma
Mesozoic
Levicidaris
genus
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Triadocidaridae : Levicidaris228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Triadocidaris
genus
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Triadocidaridae : Triadocidaris228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Zardinechinus
genus
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Triadocidaridae : Zardinechinus228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Spatangoida
order
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Spatangoida56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Neogondolella
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Ozarkodinida : Neogondolella237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Chondrichthyes
class
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hexanchus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Hexanchiformes : Hexanchidae : Hexanchus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Notorhynchus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes : Hexanchidae : Notorhynchus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Squalus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plagiostomi : Squalidae : Squalus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Heterodontus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Heterodontiformes : Heterodontidae : Heterodontus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Alopias
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : Alopias28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Cetorhinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Cetorhinidae : Cetorhinus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Isurus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Isurus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Carcharhinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Carcharhinus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Galeocerdo
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Negaprion
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Negaprion28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Scyliorhinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Selachii : Scyllidae : Scyliorhinus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Sphyrna
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Sphyrnidae : Sphyrna28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Triakis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Galeidae : Triakis15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Raja
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Rajiformes : Rajidae : Raja15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Dasyatis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Dasyatidae : Dasyatis15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Myliobatis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : Myliobatis28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Etringus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Clupeiformes : Clupeidae : Etringus33.9 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Chelonia
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Chelonia28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Plesiosauria
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Plesiosauria83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crocodylia
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Ichthyornis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ichthyornithidae : Ichthyornis83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sula
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Sulidae : Sula15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Mammalia
class
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cetacea
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Kentriodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Kentriodontidae : Kentriodon15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Dusisiren
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Sirenia : Dugongidae : Dusisiren11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Carnivora
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Imagotaria
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Imagotaria11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Taricha
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata : Salamandridae : Taricha33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Chelonioidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Chelonioidea83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dermochelyidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Dermochelyidae83.5 - 13.82 Ma
Phanerozoic
Cheloniidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Cheloniidae83.6 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Chelydridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Chelydridae40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Testudinidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Sceloporus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Phrynosomatidae : Sceloporus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Mosasauridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Mosasauridae83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crotalus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Alligatoridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Alligatoridae40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Neognathae
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Neognathae83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Recurvirostra
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Recurvirostridae : Recurvirostra15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Megapaloelodus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Palaelodidae : Megapaloelodus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Anatidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Ciconiidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Sulidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Sulidae15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Morus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Sulidae : Morus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Diomedea
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Diomedeidae : Diomedea15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Puffinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Puffinus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Scalopoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Scalopoides10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Scapanus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Scapanus10.3 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Chiroptera
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera33.9 - 4.9 Ma
Cenozoic
Nimravidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Nimravidae40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Felis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Felis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Machairodus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Machairodus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Smilodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Smilodon0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Arctoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Arctoidea23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Mustela
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mustela10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Phocidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Canidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Aelurodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Aelurodon15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Procyonidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae13.6 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Procyon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Procyonidae : Procyon0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Daphoenodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Daphoenodon20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paradaphoenus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Paradaphoenus20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ursidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Ursus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Ursus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Rodentia
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia40.4 - 10.3 Ma
Cenozoic
Pseudotomus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Ischyromyidae : Pseudotomus40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Aplodontia
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Aplodontiidae : Aplodontia0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Liodontia
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Aplodontiidae : Liodontia10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Mylagaulidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Mylagaulidae23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Sciuridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Arctomyoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Arctomyoides23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Spermophilus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Spermophilus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Castor
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Castoridae : Castor10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Dipoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Castoridae : Dipoides10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Palaeocastor
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Castoridae : Palaeocastor30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Eutypomyidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Eutypomyidae33.3 - 30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Thomomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Thomomys0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Cricetidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Microtus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Microtus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Peromyscus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Peromyscus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hypolagus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Hypolagus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Lepus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Lepus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Entelodontidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Entelodontidae40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Archaeotherium
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Entelodontidae : Archaeotherium33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Cynorca
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Cynorca23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Desmathyus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Desmathyus28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Hesperhys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Hesperhys23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Heptacodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anthracotheriidae : Heptacodon40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Agriochoerus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anoplotheriidae : Agriochoerus33.9 - 30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Camelidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae23.03 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Hypertragulus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hypertragulidae : Hypertragulus33.3 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Dromomeryx
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Dromomerycidae : Dromomeryx23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Odocoileus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : Odocoileus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Merycodus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : Merycodus11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Sphenophalos
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : Sphenophalos10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Bison
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bison0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Squalodontidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Squalodontidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Equidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Anchitherium
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Anchitherium28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Archaeohippus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Archaeohippus30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Equus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hypohippus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hypohippus15.97 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Miohippus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Miohippus33.3 - 30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Parahippus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Colodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Helaletidae : Colodon33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Tapiridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Tapiridae15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Miotapirus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Tapiridae : Miotapirus20.43 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Rhinocerotoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotoidea33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Aphelops
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Aphelops10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Menoceras
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Menoceras23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Subhyracodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Subhyracodon33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Teleoceras
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Teleoceras15.97 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Gomphotheriidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Mammutidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Mammutidae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Mammut
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Mammutidae : Mammut10.3 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Megalonyx
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Megalonychidae : Megalonyx10.3 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Aphelops megalodus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Aphelops : Aphelops megalodus15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Epihippus gracilis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Epihippus : Epihippus gracilis40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Arctomyoides oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Arctomyoides : Arctomyoides oregonensis23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Bouromeryx submilleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Bouromeryx : Bouromeryx submilleri20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Dromomeryx borealis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Dromomeryx : Dromomeryx borealis23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Borophagus littoralis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Borophagus littoralis13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Plesiogulo marshalli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Plesiogulo : Plesiogulo marshalli10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Brachypsalis obliquidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Brachypsalis : Brachypsalis obliquidens15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Eucyon davisi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Eucyon : Eucyon davisi10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Canis dirus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis : Canis dirus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Canis latrans
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis : Canis latrans0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Epicyon saevus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Epicyon : Epicyon saevus13.6 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Paratomarctus temerarius
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Paratomarctus : Paratomarctus temerarius15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Archaeotherium caninus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Entelodontidae : Archaeotherium : Archaeotherium caninus20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Spermophilus mckayensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Spermophilus : Spermophilus mckayensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Spermophilus shotwelli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Spermophilus : Spermophilus shotwelli10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Spermophilus wilsoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Spermophilus : Spermophilus wilsoni10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Plesiocolopirus hancocki
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Tapiridae : Plesiocolopirus : Plesiocolopirus hancocki40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Copemys esmeraldensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Copemys : Copemys esmeraldensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Cosoryx cerroensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : Cosoryx : Cosoryx cerroensis13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Cranioceras teres
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Cranioceras : Cranioceras teres13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Dipoides smithi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Castoridae : Dipoides : Dipoides smithi10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Entoptychus individens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Entoptychus : Entoptychus individens30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Entoptychus planifrons
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Entoptychus : Entoptychus planifrons20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Euceratherium collinum
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Euceratherium : Euceratherium collinum0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Neotamias malloryi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Neotamias : Neotamias malloryi10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Puma concolor
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Puma : Puma concolor0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Lynx longignathus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Lynx : Lynx longignathus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Floridaceras whitei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Floridaceras : Floridaceras whitei30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Gaillardia thomsoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Gaillardia : Gaillardia thomsoni10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Haplohippus texanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Haplohippus : Haplohippus texanus40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Hemipsalodon grandis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Hemipsalodon : Hemipsalodon grandis40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Hesperogaulus wilsoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Mylagaulidae : Hesperogaulus : Hesperogaulus wilsoni10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Hipparion forcei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion : Hipparion forcei11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Acritohippus isonesus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Acritohippus : Acritohippus isonesus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Merychippus relictus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Merychippus : Merychippus relictus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Agriochoerus guyotianus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Agriochoeridae : Agriochoerus : Agriochoerus guyotianus33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Hypolagus oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Hypolagus : Hypolagus oregonensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Hyrachyus eximius
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Hyracodontidae : Hyrachyus : Hyrachyus eximius50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Xenicohippus craspedotum
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Xenicohippus : Xenicohippus craspedotum50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Leptodontomys oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Eomyidae : Leptodontomys : Leptodontomys oregonensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Archaeolagus macrocephalus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Archaeolagus : Archaeolagus macrocephalus30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Patriofelis ferox
species
Oxyaenidae : Patriofelis : Patriofelis ferox50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Moropus oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Chalicotheriidae : Moropus : Moropus oregonensis20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Parapaenemarmota oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Parapaenemarmota : Parapaenemarmota oregonensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Paramylodon harlani
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra : Mylodontidae : Paramylodon : Paramylodon harlani0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Merychyus arenarum
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merychyus : Merychyus arenarum30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Merychyus calaminthus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merychyus : Merychyus calaminthus30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Ustatochoerus major
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Ustatochoerus : Ustatochoerus major11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Merychyus minimus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merychyus : Merychyus minimus30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Merycochoerus matthewi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merycochoerus : Merycochoerus matthewi30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Harpagolestes uintensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Acreodi : Mesonychidae : Harpagolestes : Harpagolestes uintensis40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Merycoides longiceps
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Merycoides : Merycoides longiceps20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Michenia deschutensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : Michenia : Michenia deschutensis30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Hipparion tehonense
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion : Hipparion tehonense13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Neotamias
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Neotamias10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Neotoma fuscipes
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Neotoma : Neotoma fuscipes0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Neurotrichus columbianus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Neurotrichus : Neurotrichus columbianus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Nothrotherium shastense
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pilosa : Nothrotheriidae : Nothrotherium : Nothrotherium shastense0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Ochotona spanglei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Ochotonidae : Ochotona : Ochotona spanglei10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Oregonomys pebblespringsensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Oregonomys : Oregonomys pebblespringsensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Bouromeryx americanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Bouromeryx : Bouromeryx americanus15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Mesohippus bairdi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Mesohippus : Mesohippus bairdi33.9 - 33.3 Ma
Oligocene
Parahippus leonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus leonensis30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Parahippus pawniensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus pawniensis30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Parapliosaccomys oregonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Parapliosaccomys : Parapliosaccomys oregonensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Daphoenus socialis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Daphoenus : Daphoenus socialis20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Oregonomys sargenti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Heteromyidae : Oregonomys : Oregonomys sargenti10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Perognathus stevei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Heteromyidae : Perognathus : Perognathus stevei10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Peromyscus antiquus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Peromyscus : Peromyscus antiquus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Basirepomys pliocenicus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Basirepomys : Basirepomys pliocenicus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Antecalomys valensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Antecalomys : Antecalomys valensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Plesiosorex coloradensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Plesiosoricidae : Plesiosorex : Plesiosorex coloradensis20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pliocyon medius
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Pliocyon : Pliocyon medius15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Dinohippus leardi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Dinohippus : Dinohippus leardi11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Pliozapus solus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Dipodidae : Pliozapus : Pliozapus solus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Prosomys mimus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Prosomys : Prosomys mimus10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Platygonus brachirostris
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Platygonus : Platygonus brachirostris10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Nexuotapirus robustus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Tapiridae : Nexuotapirus : Nexuotapirus robustus30.8 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Protitanops curryi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : Protitanops : Protitanops curryi40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Pliohippus tehonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Pliohippus : Pliohippus tehonensis13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Pseudaelurus intrepidus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Pseudaelurus : Pseudaelurus intrepidus15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Diceratherium annectens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceratherium : Diceratherium annectens33.3 - 30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Rudiomys mcgrewi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Allomyidae : Rudiomys : Rudiomys mcgrewi20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Scapanus proceridens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Scapanus : Scapanus proceridens10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Schizodontomys greeni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Geomyidae : Schizodontomys : Schizodontomys greeni20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pliotaxidea nevadensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Pliotaxidea : Pliotaxidea nevadensis10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Teleoceras hicksi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Teleoceras : Teleoceras hicksi10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Teletaceras radinskyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Teletaceras : Teletaceras radinskyi40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Marshochoerus socialis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Marshochoerus : Marshochoerus socialis30.8 - 20.43 Ma
Cenozoic
Hypsiops breviceps
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Hypsiops : Hypsiops breviceps20.43 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ticholeptus zygomaticus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Ticholeptus : Ticholeptus zygomaticus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Mephitis mephitis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mephitidae : Mephitis : Mephitis mephitis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hamamelidaceae
family
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Hamamelidaceae33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Aesculus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Sapindaceae : Aesculus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Pteranodontidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pterosauria : Pteranodontidae83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anchitheriinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Anchitheriinae15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Eusuchia
suborder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Eusuchia50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Pinnipedia
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pinnipedia28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Platanus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae : Platanus48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Celtis
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Cannabaceae : Celtis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Florissantia speirii
species
Florissantia : Florissantia speirii33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Florissantia ashwillii
species
Florissantia : Florissantia ashwillii48.6 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ensete oregonense
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Zingiberales : Musaceae : Ensete : Ensete oregonense48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Triplochitioxylon oregonensis
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Malvaceae : Triplochitioxylon : Triplochitioxylon oregonensis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cedrelospermum
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Meliaceae : Cedrelospermum48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Phlebopteris
genus
Plantae : Phlebopteris174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Phacoides
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Phacoides28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Solenoporaceae
family
Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Solenoporaceae228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Zamites californica
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales : Zamites : Zamites californica48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Carya
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : Carya33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Engelhardtia nevadensis
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : Engelhardia : Engelhardtia nevadensis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Alnus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : Alnus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Castanopsis
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Castanopsis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Castanopsis longipetiolatum
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Castanopsis : Castanopsis longipetiolatum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Quercus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Quercus48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Chaetoptelea pseudofulva
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Urticales : Ulmaceae : Chaetoptelea : Chaetoptelea pseudofulva48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Nymphaeaceae
family
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Nymphaeales : Nymphaeaceae33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Cercidiphyllum elongatum
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Cercidiphyllaceae : Cercidiphyllum : Cercidiphyllum elongatum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cercidiphyllum
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Cercidiphyllaceae : Cercidiphyllum33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Magnolia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliales : Magnoliaceae : Magnolia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cinnamomum dilleri
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Laurales : Lauraceae : Cinnamomum : Cinnamomum dilleri48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Persea pseudocarolinensis
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Laurales : Lauraceae : Persea : Persea pseudocarolinensis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Hydrangea
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Cornales : Hydrangeaceae : Hydrangea48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Liquidambar californicum
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Altingiaceae : Liquidambar : Liquidambar californicum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Platanophyllum whitneyi
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae : Platanophyllum : Platanophyllum whitneyi48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Platanus appendiculata
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Platanaceae : Platanus : Platanus appendiculata48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Leguminosae
family
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fabales : Leguminosae33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Canarium californicum
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Burseraceae : Canarium : Canarium californicum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cedrela
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Meliaceae : Cedrela33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Mallotus riparius
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malpighiales : Euphorbiaceae : Mallotus : Mallotus riparius48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Rhus mixta
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Anacardiaceae : Rhus : Rhus mixta48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Rhus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Anacardiaceae : Rhus48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Acer
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Sapindaceae : Acer33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Thouinopsis myricaefolia
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Sapindaceae : Thouinopsis : Thouinopsis myricaefolia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Meliosma
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Sabiaceae : Meliosma48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Gordonia egregia
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Theales : Theaceae : Gordonia : Gordonia egregia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Nyssa
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Cornales : Nyssaceae : Nyssa48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Terminalia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Combretaceae : Terminalia33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Cornus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Cornales : Cornaceae : Cornus48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Fraxinus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Lamiales : Oleaceae : Fraxinus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Calycites mikanoides
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Asterales : Asteraceae : Calycites : Calycites mikanoides48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Carpites egregia
species
Plantae : Carpites : Carpites egregia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Angiospermae
phylum
Plantae : Angiospermae33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Pinus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Pinaceae : Pinus48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Equisetum
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Abies
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Pinaceae : Abies33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Ginkgo
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Ginkgoales : Ginkgoaceae : Ginkgo174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Magnoliopsida
class
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Isoetites
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Isoetales : Isoetaceae : Isoetites174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Metasequoia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : Metasequoia33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Rhectomyax undulatus
species
Rhectomyax undulatus83.6 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zingiberopsis
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Zingiberales : Zingiberaceae : Zingiberopsis33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Monocotyledoneae
subclass
Plantae : Angiospermae : Monocotyledoneae33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Juglans
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : Juglans48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Fagus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Fagus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Quercus consimilis
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : Quercus : Quercus consimilis33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Ulmus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Ulmaceae : Ulmus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Tilia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Malvaceae : Tilia33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Cladophlebis
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Osmundales : Osmundaceae : Cladophlebis174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Sagenopteris
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Caytoniaceae : Sagenopteris174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Brachyphyllum
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Brachyphyllum174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Testudines
order
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anthostylis acanthophora
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Anthostylis : Anthostylis acanthophora228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Wallowaconcha raylenea
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megalodontida : Wallowaconchidae : Wallowaconcha : Wallowaconcha raylenea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Elimia
genus
Elimia89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hadrianus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Hadrianus50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Acmaeidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Acmaeidae41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Callista (Costacallista) conradiana
species
Callista (Costacallista) conradiana48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cardiidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Fimbriinae
subfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Fimbriinae221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gyrodes (Sohlella) quercus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Gyrodes : Gyrodes (Sohlella) quercus86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gyrodes (Sohlella) canadensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Gyrodes : Gyrodes (Sohlella) canadensis83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Limoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limoidea221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Naticidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae228 - 37.2 Ma
Phanerozoic
Ostreidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pectinidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae170.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Polinices (Euspira) nuciformis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Euspira : Polinices (Euspira) nuciformis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Pteriacea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pteriacea221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pteriidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pyramidellidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pyramidellidae48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Sinum obliquum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Sinum : Sinum obliquum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tellinidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Trigoniidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Trochoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochoidea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Trochidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Trochidae237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Turridae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Sciaenidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Sciaenidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Sagmatias obliquidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Delphinidae : Sagmatias : Sagmatias obliquidens0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Zarhinocetus errabundus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Allodelphinidae : Zarhinocetus : Zarhinocetus errabundus13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Praeparvicingula
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Praeparvicingula171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Archaeocenosphaera
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Archaeocenosphaera171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Tripocyclia
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Tripocyclia171.6 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Archaeospongoprunum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Archaeospongoprunidae : Archaeospongoprunum171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Parvivacca
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Parvivaccidae : Parvivacca167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Suna
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Suna166.1 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Deviatus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Deviatus171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Macrodelphinus kelloggi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Rhabdosteidae : Macrodelphinus : Macrodelphinus kelloggi28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Allodelphis pratti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Allodelphinidae : Allodelphis : Allodelphis pratti28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Argyrocetus : Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Miodelphis californicus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Remingtonocetidae : Miodelphis : Miodelphis californicus28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Equinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equinae23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Hipparionini
tribe
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparionini10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Equini
tribe
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equini10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Scorpaenidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perciformes : Scorpaenidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Gadidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Gadidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Wilvemia
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Archaeospongoprunidae : Wilvemia170.3 - 166.1 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Levileugeo
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Parvivaccidae : Levileugeo170.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Lanubus
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Parvivaccidae : Lanubus171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Semihsuum
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Hsuidae : Semihsuum171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Palinandromeda
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Amphipyndacidae : Palinandromeda167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Cytherea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Cytherea28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Linaresia
genus
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Hsuidae : Linaresia167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Terebratulina tejonensis
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Cancellothyrididae : Terebratulina : Terebratulina tejonensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tellina (Angulus) longa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Angulus : Tellina (Angulus) longa41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Argyrocetus joaquinensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Eurhinodelphidae : Argyrocetus : Argyrocetus joaquinensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Spongiomorpha tenuis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Spongiomorpha : Spongiomorpha tenuis228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Spongiomorpha (Heptastylopsis) gibbosa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Spongiomorpha : Spongiomorpha (Heptastylopsis) gibbosa221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Maturifusus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudotritoniidae : Maturifusus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Foraminifera
phylum
Chromista : Foraminifera237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Desmostylus hesperus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostylidae : Desmostylus : Desmostylus hesperus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Paleoparadoxia tabatai
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostyloidea : Paleoparadoxiidae : Paleoparadoxia : Paleoparadoxia tabatai15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Enaliarctidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Enaliarctidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Enaliarctos mealsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Enaliarctos : Enaliarctos mealsi28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Imagotaria downsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Imagotaria : Imagotaria downsi11.62 - 7.246 Ma
Miocene
Enaliarctos mitchelli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Enaliarctos : Enaliarctos mitchelli23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Pelagiarctos thomasi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Pelagiarctos : Pelagiarctos thomasi15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Allodesmus kernensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Allodesmus : Allodesmus kernensis28.1 - 11.62 Ma
Cenozoic
Pinnarctidion bishopi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Pinnarctidion : Pinnarctidion bishopi28.1 - 20.44 Ma
Cenozoic
Endothyridae
family
Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Endothyridae237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobiidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Occidentocerithium panthalassicum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiadae : Occidentocerithium : Occidentocerithium panthalassicum221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Protorcula frydai
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Protorculidae : Protorcula : Protorcula frydai221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Anoptychia oregonensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Anoptychiidae : Anoptychia : Anoptychia oregonensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Nuetzelopsis tozeri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritopsidae : Nuetzelopsis : Nuetzelopsis tozeri212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Weitschatopsis pulchra
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritopsidae : Weitschatopsis : Weitschatopsis pulchra212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Turristylus triadicus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Coelostylinidae : Turristylus : Turristylus triadicus221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Modiolus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus163.5 - 86.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Ueckerconulus noricus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ueckerconulus : Ueckerconulus noricus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cosmopolitodus hastalis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Carcharodontidae : Cosmopolitodus : Cosmopolitodus hastalis28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Otodus megalodon
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Otodontidae : Otodus : Otodus megalodon15.97 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Pacifichelys hutchisoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Cheloniidae : Pacifichelys : Pacifichelys hutchisoni15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Patulibracchium
genus
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Patulibracchiidae : Patulibracchium170.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Bothidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pleuronectiformes : Bothidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Cidaroidea
subclass
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroidea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Echinorhinus blakei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Echinorhiniformes : Echinorhinidae : Echinorhinus : Echinorhinus blakei28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Odontaspis ferox
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis ferox28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Alopias vulpinus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : Alopias : Alopias vulpinus28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Scyliorhinidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Scyliorhinidae15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Galeorhinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Triakidae : Galeorhinus28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Syllomus aegyptiacus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Cheloniidae : Syllomus : Syllomus aegyptiacus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Psephophorus calvertensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Dermochelyidae : Psephophorus : Psephophorus calvertensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Borophaginae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophaginae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Phoebastria anglica
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Diomedeidae : Phoebastria : Phoebastria anglica15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Branta
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Branta15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Nuculoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculoidea228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pachyoncus
genus
Protozoa : Pachyoncus171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Mediaster hayi
species
Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Valvatida : Goniasteridae : Mediaster : Mediaster hayi83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Juglandiphyllites
genus
Juglandiphyllites33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Spiniomphalus duplicatus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Discohelicidae : Spiniomphalus : Spiniomphalus duplicatus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Nodoconus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Nodoconus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Siphonilda
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Mathildidae : Siphonilda212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Idahospira
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Idahospira212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Yoldia cooperii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Yoldiidae : Yoldia : Yoldia cooperii28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Palaxius
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Palaxius228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pectinoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinoidea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Oppelismilia
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Oppelismilia237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Mytiloidea
superfamily
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytiloidea228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Crepidula princeps
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula : Crepidula princeps28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Spondylus carlosensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : Spondylus : Spondylus carlosensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Caninae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Caninae13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Achaenodon fremdi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Achaenodon : Achaenodon fremdi40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Acutostrea idriaensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Flemingostreidae : Acutostrea : Acutostrea idriaensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Crassostrea titan
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Crassostrea : Crassostrea titan28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Tegula jeanae
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Tegulidae : Tegula : Tegula jeanae83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nerita orovillensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neritidae : Nerita : Nerita orovillensis83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bullamirifica elegans
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : Bullamirifica : Bullamirifica elegans83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Paxitropis dicriota
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Capulidae : Paxitropis : Paxitropis dicriota83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Zygolophodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Mammutidae : Zygolophodon15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Amphitomaria obscurecostata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Discohelicidae : Amphitomaria : Amphitomaria obscurecostata212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Blodgettella enormecostata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Sclarotrardidae : Blodgettella : Blodgettella enormecostata212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Jurassiphorus triadicus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Jurassiphorus : Jurassiphorus triadicus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gudrunella triassica
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Ataphridae : Gudrunella : Gudrunella triassica212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Galeocerdo aduncus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo : Galeocerdo aduncus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Miolabinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : Miolabinae15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Otariidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Otariidae28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Synthetoceratinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Protoceratidae : Synthetoceratinae15.97 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Pachycardiidae
family
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pachycardiidae221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tayassuinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Tayassuinae13.6 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Zelandites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Gaudryceratidae : Zelandites83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Xenarthra
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Xenarthra10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : Glycymeris (Axinola) septentrionalis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Tivela (Pachydesma) inezana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Tivela : Tivela (Pachydesma) inezana28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Plotopterum joaquinensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Plotopteridae : Plotopterum : Plotopterum joaquinensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Aprionodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Carcharhinidae : Aprionodon15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Pycnodonte (Crenostrea) eldridgei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Pycnodonte : Pycnodonte (Crenostrea) eldridgei28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Tellina (Angulus) castacana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Angulus : Tellina (Angulus) castacana41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tellina (Angulus) jollaensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Angulus : Tellina (Angulus) jollaensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tellina (Phyllodina) lebecki
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina (Phyllodina) lebecki48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tellina tehachapi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina tehachapi56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Calyptraea diegoana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Calyptraeidae : Calyptraea : Calyptraea diegoana48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Crenomytilus mathewsoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : Crenomytilus mathewsoni28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Miltha (Miltha) sanctaecrucis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Miltha : Miltha (Miltha) sanctaecrucis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Clementia : Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Dosinia : Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Aequipecten andersoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Aequipecten : Aequipecten andersoni28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Nodipecten estrellanus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Nodipecten : Nodipecten estrellanus28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Trachycardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Trachycardium : Trachycardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Chionopsis : Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Cathartes aura
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Cathartiformes : Cathartidae : Cathartes : Cathartes aura0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Pseudoglandulina
genus
Foraminifera : Pseudoglandulina37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Archaeolaginae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Archaeolaginae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Gopherus mohavensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Gopherus : Gopherus mohavensis13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Nettion bunkeri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Nettion : Nettion bunkeri10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Lophortyx shotwelli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Odontophoridae : Lophortyx : Lophortyx shotwelli10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Bartramia umatilla
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Scolopacidae : Bartramia : Bartramia umatilla10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Puffinus priscus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Puffinus : Puffinus priscus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Puffinus mitchelli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Puffinus : Puffinus mitchelli15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Morus vagabundus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Sulidae : Morus : Morus vagabundus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Geranoaetus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Geranoaetus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Acila (Truncacila) demessa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculidae : Acila : Acila (Truncacila) demessa89.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Halonanus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Noetiidae : Halonanus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Crassistella juvavica
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Crassistella : Crassistella juvavica228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hsuum maxwelli
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Hsuidae : Hsuum : Hsuum maxwelli167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Mirifusus guadalupensis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Mirifusus : Mirifusus guadalupensis168.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Stichocapsa convexa
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiidae : Stichocapsa : Stichocapsa convexa170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Williriedellum madstonense
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Williriedellidae : Williriedellum : Williriedellum madstonense170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Unuma typicus
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Unumidae : Unuma : Unuma typicus170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Stylophyllum paradoxum
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Stylophyllum : Stylophyllum paradoxum228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Phacelophyllia suttonensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Oppelismiliidae : Phacelophyllia : Phacelophyllia suttonensis228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Astraeomorpha crassisepta
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Thamnasteriidae : Astraeomorpha : Astraeomorpha crassisepta228 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Astraeomorpha confusa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Astraeomorphidae : Astraeomorpha : Astraeomorpha confusa228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Retiophyllia norica
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia : Retiophyllia norica228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Retiophyllia oppeli
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia : Retiophyllia oppeli221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Meandrostylis vancouverensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Maeandrostylis : Meandrostylis vancouverensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cyathocoenia squiresi
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pinacophyllidae : Cyathocoenia : Cyathocoenia squiresi212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Distichophyllia norica
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Distichophyllia : Distichophyllia norica228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Crassistella vesiculosa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Crassistella : Crassistella vesiculosa221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Thecomeandra vallieri
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Thecomeandra : Thecomeandra vallieri170.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Chondrocoenia schafhaeutli
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Chondrocoenia : Chondrocoenia schafhaeutli228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Pamiroseris rectilamellosa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Pamiroseris : Pamiroseris rectilamellosa212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Stylophyllopsis rudis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Stylophyllopsis : Stylophyllopsis rudis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Chondrocoenia paradoxa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Chondrocoenia : Chondrocoenia paradoxa221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gablonzeria profunda
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Gablonzeriidae : Gablonzeria : Gablonzeria profunda221.5 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Kuhnastraea incrassata
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Kuhnastraea : Kuhnastraea incrassata221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Kuhnastraea decussata
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Kuhnastraea : Kuhnastraea decussata221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ampakabastraea cowichanensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Ampakabastraea : Ampakabastraea cowichanensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Retiophyllia dawsoni
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia : Retiophyllia dawsoni228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Coenastraea hyatti
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Coenastraea : Coenastraea hyatti170.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Margarosmilia confluens
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Margarophylliidae : Margarosmilia : Margarosmilia confluens237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Elysastraea
genus
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Elysastraea237 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Otodontidae : Otodus : Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Alopias latidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Alopiidae : Alopias : Alopias latidens28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Gablonzeria major
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Gablonzeriidae : Gablonzeria : Gablonzeria major212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Retiophyllia parviseptum
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia : Retiophyllia parviseptum221.5 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pamiroseris meriani
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pamiroseriidae : Pamiroseris : Pamiroseris meriani221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Meandrostylis grandiseptus
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Meandrostylis : Meandrostylis grandiseptus221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pegaster stichos
species
Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea : Forcipulatida : Stichasteridae : Pegaster : Pegaster stichos83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Calycoceras (Calycoceras) naviculare
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Acanthoceratidae : Calycoceras : Calycoceras (Calycoceras) naviculare99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Fagesia catinus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Vascoceratidae : Fagesia : Fagesia catinus93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Corvus corax
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Corvus : Corvus corax0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Carpolithus
genus
Carpolithus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Elgaria multicarinata
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Anguidae : Gerrhonotus : Elgaria multicarinata0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Retiophyllia clathrata
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Reimaniphylliidae : Retiophyllia : Retiophyllia clathrata212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Margarastraea pulchra
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Margarastraea : Margarastraea pulchra221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Stylophyllopsis lindstroemi
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Stylophyllopsis : Stylophyllopsis lindstroemi221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Spongiomorpha acyclica
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Spongiomorpha : Spongiomorpha acyclica237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Phacelostylophyllum zitteli
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylophyllidae : Phacelostylophyllum : Phacelostylophyllum zitteli228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Willimactra (Willimactra) popenoei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Willimactra : Willimactra (Willimactra) popenoei86.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Willimactra (Petromactra) truncata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Willimactra : Willimactra (Petromactra) truncata83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Meekia (Meekia) sella
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tancrediidae : Meekia : Meekia (Meekia) sella89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Meekia (Mygallia) bella
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tancrediidae : Meekia : Meekia (Mygallia) bella83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Biplica heteroplicata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Ringiculidae : Biplica : Biplica heteroplicata86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Biplica obliqua
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Ringiculidae : Biplica : Biplica obliqua86.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Otoscaphites (Hyposcaphites) perrini
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Scaphitidae : Yezoites : Otoscaphites (Hyposcaphites) perrini93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cuifastraea granulata
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Cuifastraeidae : Cuifastraea : Cuifastraea granulata221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Oxytropidoceras peruvianum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Mojsisovicsiidae : Oxytropidoceras : Oxytropidoceras peruvianum89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) sulcatus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Actinoceramus : Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) sulcatus112.03 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cleoniceras dilleri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Hoplitidae : Cleoniceras : Cleoniceras dilleri112.03 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Megatrigonia (Apiotrigonia) condoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Megatrigonia : Megatrigonia (Apiotrigonia) condoni113 - 100.5 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) subsulcatus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Actinoceramus : Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) subsulcatus113 - 100.5 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) salomoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Actinoceramus : Inoceramus (Actinoceramus) salomoni112.03 - 109 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Canadoceras newberryanum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Pachydiscidae : Canadoceras : Canadoceras newberryanum83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tetragonites glabrus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Tetragonitidae : Tetragonites : Tetragonites glabrus93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Shastasaurus pacificus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Shastasauridae : Shastasaurus : Shastasaurus pacificus228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Robulus
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Robulus37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Eocomoseris ramosa
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Microsolenidae : Eocomoseris : Eocomoseris ramosa237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Recticostastraea wallowaensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Thamnasteriidae : Recticostastraea : Recticostastraea wallowaensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Mahonia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Berberidaceae : Mahonia33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Amelanchier
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : Amelanchier33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Crataegus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : Crataegus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Prunus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : Prunus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Rosa
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : Rosa33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Cercis
genus
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fabales : Leguminosae : Cercis33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Cladrastis
genus
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fabales : Leguminosae : Cladrastis33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Vitis
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Vitales : Vitaceae : Vitis48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Turritella uvasana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella uvasana56 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Acanthocircus suboblongus
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Entactinaria : Saturnalidae : Acanthocircus : Acanthocircus suboblongus171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Deviatus hipposidericus
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Deviatus : Deviatus hipposidericus171.6 - 167.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Emiluvia hopsoni
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Emiluviidae : Emiluvia : Emiluvia hopsoni171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Emiluvia premyogii
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Emiluviidae : Emiluvia : Emiluvia premyogii171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Higumastra imbricata
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Higumastra : Higumastra imbricata167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Higumastra inflata
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Higumastra : Higumastra inflata167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Pantanellium foveatum
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Pantanellium : Pantanellium foveatum171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Pantanellium josephinense
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Pantanellium : Pantanellium josephinense171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Pantanellium meraceibaense
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Pantanelliidae : Pantanellium : Pantanellium meraceibaense167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Paronaella bandyi
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Paronaella : Paronaella bandyi171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Paronaella broennimanni
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Angulobracchiidae : Paronaella : Paronaella broennimanni167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tetraditryma corralitosensis
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Tetraditryma : Tetraditryma corralitosensis171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tetraditryma praeplena
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Tetraditryma : Tetraditryma praeplena171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Triactoma jonesi
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Triactoma : Triactoma jonesi168.3 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Tritrabs ewingi
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Tritrabidae : Tritrabs : Tritrabs ewingi168.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tritrabs hayi
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Tritrabidae : Tritrabs : Tritrabs hayi171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Xiphostylus gasquetensis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Xiphostylus : Xiphostylus gasquetensis171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Eucyrtidiellum ptyctum
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiellidae : Eucyrtidiellum : Eucyrtidiellum ptyctum167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Eucyrtidiellum unumaense
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiellidae : Eucyrtidiellum : Eucyrtidiellum unumaense171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Mirifusus fragilis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Mirifusus : Mirifusus fragilis168.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Mirifusus mediodilatatus
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Mirifusus : Mirifusus mediodilatatus166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Napora pyramidalis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Ultranaporidae : Napora : Napora pyramidalis171.6 - 167.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Ristola procera
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Ristola : Ristola procera171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Spongocapsula dumitricai
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Spongocapsulidae : Spongocapsula : Spongocapsula dumitricai170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Spongocapsula palmerae
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Spongocapsulidae : Spongocapsula : Spongocapsula palmerae167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Stichocapsa japonica
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Nassellaria : Eucyrtidiidae : Stichocapsa : Stichocapsa japonica170.3 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Suna harperi
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Xiphostylidae : Suna : Suna harperi166.1 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Parvicingula deadhorsensis
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Parvicingula : Parvicingula deadhorsensis166.1 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Oreortyx pictus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Odontophoridae : Oreortyx : Oreortyx pictus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Perispyridium gujohachimanense
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Eptingiidae : Perispyridium : Perispyridium gujohachimanense171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Higumastra transversa
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Higumastra : Higumastra transversa167.7 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Tetraditryma coldspringensis
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Tetraditryma : Tetraditryma coldspringensis171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Archaeospongoprunum praeimlayi
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Archaeospongoprunidae : Archaeospongoprunum : Archaeospongoprunum praeimlayi171.6 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Acanthocircus carinatus
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Saturnalidae : Acanthocircus : Acanthocircus carinatus168.3 - 166.1 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Hsuum brevicostatum
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Hsuidae : Hsuum : Hsuum brevicostatum171.6 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Praeparvicingula decora
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Parvicingulidae : Praeparvicingula : Praeparvicingula decora170.3 - 164.7 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Emiluvia lowercoonensis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Emiluviidae : Emiluvia : Emiluvia lowercoonensis168.3 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Higumastra devilsgapensis
species
Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Spumellaria : Hagiastridae : Higumastra : Higumastra devilsgapensis166.1 - 155.7 Ma
Jurassic
Podobursa spinosa
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Nassellaria : Syringocapsidae : Podobursa : Podobursa spinosa166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Diomedea milleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Diomedeidae : Diomedea : Diomedea milleri15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Crassatella granti
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Crassatella : Crassatella granti28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Crassatella uvasana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Crassatella : Crassatella uvasana48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Nemocardium (Nemocardium) linteum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Nemocardium : Nemocardium (Nemocardium) linteum41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) brewerii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Acanthocardia : Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) brewerii41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Mactromeris albaria
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : Mactromeris albaria28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Mactromeris merriami
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : Mactromeris merriami48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Mactromeris bisculpturata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : Mactromeris bisculpturata41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Gari (Gobraeus) hornii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Psammobiidae : Gari : Gari (Gobraeus) hornii41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Mactromeris acutirostrata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactromeris : Mactromeris acutirostrata48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Echinoidea
class
Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Polinices (Neverita) reclusianus callosa
subspecies
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Neverita : Polinices (Neverita) reclusianus callosa28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Eucycloscala binodosa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Eucycloscalidae : Eucycloscala : Eucycloscala binodosa212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Osteodontornis orri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Osteodontornis : Osteodontornis orri15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Brochidiella idahoensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Liotiidae : Brochidiella : Brochidiella idahoensis228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Anatropites
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ceratitida : Tropitidae : Anatropites237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Paradelphinulopsis vallieri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Delphinulopsidae : Paradelphinulopsis : Paradelphinulopsis vallieri237 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Spinidelphinulopsis whaleni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Delphinulopsidae : Spinidelphinulopsis : Spinidelphinulopsis whaleni237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Wallowanerita newtonae
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Delphinulopsidae : Wallowanerita : Wallowanerita newtonae237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Myophorigonia kobayashii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Myophorigonia : Myophorigonia kobayashii232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gryphaea arcuataeformis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea : Gryphaea arcuataeformis232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Tutcheria densestriata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Tutcheria : Tutcheria densestriata221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pseudospondylospira perplexa
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Pseudospondylospira : Pseudospondylospira perplexa221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Spondylospira lewesensis
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Spondylospira : Spondylospira lewesensis237 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Zugmayerella americana
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Zugmayerella : Zugmayerella americana237 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Spondylospira tricosta
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Spondylospiridae : Spondylospira : Spondylospira tricosta221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Fomichevella major
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Kleopatrinidae : Fomichevella : Fomichevella major298.9 - 290.1 Ma
Paleozoic
Petalaxis occidentalis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Petalaxidae : Petalaxis : Petalaxis occidentalis298.9 - 290.1 Ma
Paleozoic
Submortoniceras chicoense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras : Submortoniceras chicoense83.6 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Homalopoma wattsi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turbinidae : Homalopoma : Homalopoma wattsi56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Stacheoceras gordoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Vidrioceratidae : Stacheoceras : Stacheoceras gordoni272.3 - 268.8 Ma
Permian
Thamnasteriamorpha frechi
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Tropiastraeidae : Thamnasteriamorpha : Thamnasteriamorpha frechi221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Decodon
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Lythraceae : Decodon48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Uvanella norica
species
Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida : Celyphiidae : Uvanella : Uvanella norica228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Hajarispongia whaleni
species
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Colospongiidae : Hajarispongia : Hajarispongia whaleni221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Baccanella
genus
Animalia : Problematica : Baccanella228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Amblysiphonella timorica
species
Animalia : Porifera : Hexactinellida : Sebargasiidae : Amblysiphonella : Amblysiphonella timorica237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Astrocoenia idahoensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Astrocoeniidae : Astrocoenia : Astrocoenia idahoensis212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Carcharodon sulcidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Carcharodon : Carcharodon sulcidens15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Kuvelousia leptosa
species
Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Linoproductidae : Kuvelousia : Kuvelousia leptosa268.8 - 265.1 Ma
Permian
Presbychen abavus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Presbychen : Presbychen abavus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Chondrocoenia idahoensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Chondrocoenia : Chondrocoenia idahoensis228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Trochocyathus oregonensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : Trochocyathus : Trochocyathus oregonensis86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Halobia dilatata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia dilatata221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Marycarcinus
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Orithopsidae : Marycarcinus56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Callianassa fresnoensis
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Callianassidae : Callianassa : Callianassa fresnoensis56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Callianassa stimpsoni
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Callianassidae : Callianassa : Callianassa stimpsoni100.5 - 66 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Branchiolambrus altus
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Hymenosomatidae : Branchiolambrus : Branchiolambrus altus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Orbitoplax weaveri
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Grapsidae : Orbitoplax : Orbitoplax weaveri56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Spongosaturninus bispinus
species
Retaria : Radiolaria : Entactinaria : Saturnalidae : Spongosaturninus : Spongosaturninus bispinus166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Puffinus inceptor
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Puffinus : Puffinus inceptor15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Thamnasteria smithi
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Thamnasteriidae : Thamnasteria : Thamnasteria smithi228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Hypsidoris oregonensis
species
Hypsidoridae : Hypsidoris : Hypsidoris oregonensis56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Adiantites
genus
Plantae : Ginkgophyta : Ginkgoopsida : Calamopityales : Calamopityaceae : Adiantites174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Gnomohalorites cordilleranus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Haloritidae : Gnomohalorites : Gnomohalorites cordilleranus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ptychomphalus protei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ptychomphalidae : Ptychomphalus : Ptychomphalus protei212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Worthenia rhombifera
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lophospiridae : Worthenia : Worthenia rhombifera212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gervillia (Cultriopsis) angusta
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Bakevelliidae : Gervillia : Gervillia (Cultriopsis) angusta221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Naticopsis (Vernelia)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticopsidae : Naticopsis : Naticopsis (Vernelia)212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Ampezzopleura tenuis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Murchisoniina : Zygopleuridae : Ampezzopleura : Ampezzopleura tenuis212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Parrotia brevipetiolata
species
Parrotia : Parrotia brevipetiolata33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Elysastraea profunda
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Elysastraea : Elysastraea profunda228 - 201.3 Ma
Mesozoic
Ampelocissus
genus
Ampelocissus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Trigonia montanaensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia : Trigonia montanaensis170.3 - 161.2 Ma
Jurassic
Alangium
genus
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Cornales : Alangiaceae : Alangium48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Halobia radiata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia radiata237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia halorica
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia halorica221.5 - 212 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pentoperculum minimus
species
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Anacardiaceae : Pentoperculum : Pentoperculum minimus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Palaeosinomenium venablesii
species
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Menispermaceae : Palaeosinomenium : Palaeosinomenium venablesii48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Bursericarpum
genus
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Burseraceae : Bursericarpum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Aphananthe
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Cannabaceae : Aphananthe48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Palaeophytocrene
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Icacinales : Icacinaceae : Palaeophytocrene48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Pyrenacantha
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Icacinales : Icacinaceae : Pyrenacantha48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cruciptera
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : Cruciptera48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Palaeocarya
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : Palaeocarya48.6 - 28.4 Ma
Paleogene
Laurocarpum
genus
Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliales : Lauraceae : Laurocarpum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Leguminocarpon
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fabales : Fabaceae : Leguminocarpon48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Mastixia
genus
Mastixiaceae : Mastixia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Diploclisia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Menispermaceae : Diploclisia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tinomiscoidea
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Menispermaceae : Tinomiscoidea48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cleyera
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ericales : Pentaphylacaceae : Cleyera48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tapiscia
genus
Tapisciaceae : Tapiscia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Ribes
genus
Ribes33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Rubus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : Rubus33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Pteris
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Pteridaceae : Pteris33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Parthenocissus
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Vitales : Vitaceae : Parthenocissus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Saportaspermum
genus
Saportaspermum33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Pleuronectidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pleuronectiformes : Pleuronectidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Embiotocidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Embiotocidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Sororcula gracilis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Cirridae : Sororcula : Sororcula gracilis212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia oregonensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia oregonensis232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia salinarum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia salinarum232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia superba
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia superba237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pecten (Entolium) ceruleus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entolium : Pecten (Entolium) ceruleus232 - 221.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Heptastylis aquilae
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Heptastylis : Heptastylis aquilae237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Heptastylis oregonensis
species
Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Spongiomorphida : Spongiomorphidae : Heptastylis : Heptastylis oregonensis228 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Omphaloptycha jaworskii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Coelostylinidae : Omphaloptycha : Omphaloptycha jaworskii212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Promathilda (Teretrina) aculeata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Allogastropoda : Mathildidae : Teretrina : Promathilda (Teretrina) aculeata212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cryptaulax rhabdocolpoides
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cryptaulacidae : Cryptaulax : Cryptaulax rhabdocolpoides212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pseudoscalites elegantissimus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Purpurinidae : Pseudoscalites : Pseudoscalites elegantissimus212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Anchura falciformis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Aporrhaidae : Anchura : Anchura falciformis89.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pentzia hilgardi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Melongenidae : Pentzia : Pentzia hilgardi83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tessarolax distorta
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : Tessarolax : Tessarolax distorta89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicksonia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Cyatheales : Dicksoniaceae : Dicksonia174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Podozamites
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podozamites174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Pagiophyllum
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Pagiophyllum174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Neocalamites
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Equisetales : Calamitaceae : Neocalamites174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Ichnofossils
unranked clade
Ichnofossils0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Catharista shastensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Cathartidae : Catharista : Catharista shastensis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Amblysiphonella steinmanni
species
Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Agelasida : Sebargasiidae : Amblysiphonella : Amblysiphonella steinmanni221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Eubrontotherium clarnoensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Brontotheriidae : Eubrontotherium : Eubrontotherium clarnoensis40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Subprionocyclus normalis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Subprionocyclus normalis93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lytoceras (Tetragonites) jacksonense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Tetragonitidae : Tetragonites : Lytoceras (Tetragonites) jacksonense93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hauericeras mickeyi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Desmoceratidae : Hauericeras : Hauericeras mickeyi83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus ashlandicus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Pachydiscidae : Pachydiscus : Pachydiscus ashlandicus93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pachydiscus oregonensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : Pachydiscus : Pachydiscus oregonensis93.9 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parapachydiscus bidwelli
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Pachydiscidae : Pachydiscus : Parapachydiscus bidwelli83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Puzosia (Eocanadoceras) hannai
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Desmoceratidae : Puzosia : Puzosia (Eocanadoceras) hannai93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Puzosia (Austiniceras) giganteum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Desmoceratidae : Parapuzosia : Puzosia (Austiniceras) giganteum93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mantelliceras phoenixense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : Mantelliceras : Mantelliceras phoenixense99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Prionotropis casperi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Collignoniceras : Prionotropis casperi93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oregoniceras multicostum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Oregoniceras multicostum93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oregoniceras phoenixense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Oregoniceras phoenixense93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oregoniceras jacksonense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Oregoniceras jacksonense93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oregoniceras jillsoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Oregoniceras jillsoni93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) randalli
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras : Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) randalli83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) buttense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras : Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) buttense83.6 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) pentzanum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras : Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) pentzanum83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) gabbi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Submortoniceras : Mortoniceras (Submortoniceras) gabbi86.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Butticeras
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Brancoceratidae : Butticeras86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Butticeras buttense
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Brancoceratidae : Butticeras : Butticeras buttense83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Butticeras studleyi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Brancoceratidae : Butticeras : Butticeras studleyi86.3 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Leptocyon tejonensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Leptocyon : Leptocyon tejonensis13.6 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Metalopex merriami
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Metalopex : Metalopex merriami23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Canini
tribe
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canini10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Bembidion everestae
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Carabidae : Bembidion : Bembidion everestae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Arca (Barbatia) suzzalloi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia : Arca (Barbatia) suzzalloi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Aturia angustata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Aturiidae : Aturia : Aturia angustata20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Platymya rockymontana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Laternulidae : Platymyoidea : Platymya rockymontana170.3 - 161.2 Ma
Jurassic
Mytilus quadratus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : Mytilus quadratus89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trema
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Cannabaceae : Trema48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Symplocos
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ericales : Symplocaceae : Symplocos48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Tinospora
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Menispermaceae : Tinospora48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Pronoella uintahensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Trapezidae : Pronoella : Pronoella uintahensis170.3 - 161.2 Ma
Jurassic
Megachasma applegatei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Megachasmidae : Megachasma : Megachasma applegatei28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Subprionocyclus neptuni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Subprionocyclus neptuni93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Subprionocyclus branneri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Subprionocyclus branneri93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mesembrioxylon
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Mesembrioxylon174.1 - 168.3 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Buchia concentrica
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Buchiidae : Buchia : Buchia concentrica163.5 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Fulmarus miocaenus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Procellariiformes : Procellariidae : Fulmarus : Fulmarus miocaenus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Bernaya (Protocypraea) argonautica
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Bernaya : Bernaya (Protocypraea) argonautica100.5 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palaeocypraea wilfredi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Palaeocypraea : Palaeocypraea wilfredi83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bernaya (Bernaya) jeanae
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Bernaya : Bernaya (Bernaya) jeanae83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Deviacer wolfei
species
Deviacer : Deviacer wolfei48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Spirocrypta pileum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trichotropidae : Spirocrypta : Spirocrypta pileum48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Lindera
genus
Lindera48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Sabal
genus
Sabal48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Angularia rectecostata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Purpurinidae : Angularia : Angularia rectecostata212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Diplobunops kardoula
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Agriochoeridae : Diplobunops : Diplobunops kardoula40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Sabal bracknellense
species
Sabal : Sabal bracknellense48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Plafkeria
genus
Plafkeria33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Craigia
genus
Craigia33.9 - 28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Scombroidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Scombriformes : Scombroidea15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Xylotitan cenosus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Brontotheridae : Xylotitan : Xylotitan cenosus50.3 - 46.2 Ma
Eocene
Zaisanamynodon protheroi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Amynodontidae : Zaisanamynodon : Zaisanamynodon protheroi40.4 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Labyrinthus obtusus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Camaenidae : Labyrinthus : Labyrinthus obtusus56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Stephanodiscus excentricus
species
Bacillariophyta : Mediophyceae : Stephanodiscales : Stephanodiscaceae : Stephanodiscus : Stephanodiscus excentricus2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Stephanodiscus niagarae
species
Bacillariophyta : Mediophyceae : Stephanodiscales : Stephanodiscaceae : Stephanodiscus : Stephanodiscus niagarae2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Anchura callosa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : Anchura : Anchura callosa85.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Opis (Hesperopis) anae
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Opis : Opis (Hesperopis) anae83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scaphander costatus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Scaphander : Scaphander costatus89.8 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dentalium stramineum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : Dentalium : Dentalium stramineum56 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Zapteryx
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rajiformes : Rhinobatidae : Zapteryx28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Wodnika ocoyae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Ctenacanthiformes : Wodnika : Wodnika ocoyae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Hemipristis heteropleurus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Hemigaleidae : Hemipristis : Hemipristis heteropleurus23.03 - 5.333 Ma
Miocene
Carcharias clavatus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Carcharias : Carcharias clavatus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Squatina lerichei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae : Squatina : Squatina lerichei28.1 - 13.82 Ma
Cenozoic
Valvulineria tumeyensis
species
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cancrisidae : Valvulineria : Valvulineria tumeyensis37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Stichocassidulina thalmanni
species
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cassidulinidae : Stichocassidulina : Stichocassidulina thalmanni37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Hantkenina alabamensis
species
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Hantkeninidae : Hantkenina : Hantkenina alabamensis37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cibicides pseudoungerianus
species
Foraminifera : Cibicididae : Cibicides : Cibicides pseudoungerianus37.2 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Praelittorina sepkoskii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Littorinidae : Praelittorina : Praelittorina sepkoskii212 - 205.6 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Patelloida tejonensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Lottiidae : Patelloida : Patelloida tejonensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Carota dilleri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutidae : Carota : Carota dilleri89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Popenoella hemphilli
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Steinmanellidae : Popenoella : Popenoella hemphilli83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Fissurella behri
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Fissurella : Fissurella behri41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Beryx kcli
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Beryciformes : Berycidae : Beryx : Beryx kcli23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Neverita secta
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Neverita : Neverita secta48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Cucullaea truncata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Cucullaeidae : Cucullaea : Cucullaea truncata89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tenea inflata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Arcticidae : Tenea : Tenea inflata83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cymbophora ashburnerii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Cymbophora : Cymbophora ashburnerii89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cymbophora gabbiana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Cymbophora : Cymbophora gabbiana86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pandion homalopteron
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Pandionidae : Pandion : Pandion homalopteron15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Callipepla californica
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Odontophoridae : Callipepla : Callipepla californica0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Euphagus cyanocephalus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Icteridae : Euphagus : Euphagus cyanocephalus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Kepplerites lorinclarki
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Kosmoceratidae : Kepplerites : Kepplerites lorinclarki166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Olcostephanus lindgreni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Olcostephanidae : Olcostephanus : Olcostephanus lindgreni166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Grossouvria colfaxi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Perisphinctidae : Choffatia : Grossouvria colfaxi166.1 - 163.5 Ma
Middle Jurassic
Perisphinctes (Dichotomosphinctes) muhlbachi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : Perisphinctes (Dichotomosphinctes) muhlbachi161.2 - 150.8 Ma
Jurassic
Crassatellites tuscana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : Crassatella : Crassatellites tuscana89.8 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cucullaea youngi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Cucullaeidae : Cucullaea : Cucullaea youngi83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trigonia evansana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia : Trigonia evansana86.3 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Baculites chicoensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Baculitidae : Baculites : Baculites chicoensis89.8 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Colaptes auratus cafer
subspecies
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Piciformes : Picidae : Colaptes : Colaptes auratus cafer0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Cyanocitta stelleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Cyanocitta : Cyanocitta stelleri0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Buteo regalis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Buteo : Buteo regalis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bumelia
genus
Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ericales : Sapotaceae : Bumelia48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Dipodomyinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Heteromyidae : Dipodomyinae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Perognathinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Heteromyidae : Perognathinae10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Califostoma turris
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Califostoma : Califostoma turris5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Tubulostium
genus
Animalia : Annelida : Tubulostium48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Megalolamna paradoxodon
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Otodontidae : Megalolamna : Megalolamna paradoxodon23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Dosinia (Dosinidia) margaritana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Dosinia : Dosinia (Dosinidia) margaritana28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Opalia : Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Glycymeris shastensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : Glycymeris shastensis89.8 - 86.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Glycymeris pentzana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : Glycymeris pentzana83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inoceramus chicoensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Inoceramus : Inoceramus chicoensis83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Avicula roguensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : Avicula : Avicula roguensis93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cymbophora buttensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Cymbophora : Cymbophora buttensis83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Acteonina roguensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Acteoninidae : Acteonina : Acteonina roguensis93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Baculites buttensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Baculitidae : Baculites : Baculites buttensis83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oxybeloceras taffi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Diplomoceratidae : Oxybeloceras : Oxybeloceras taffi83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hyphantoceras irregulare
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Nostoceratidae : Hyphantoceras : Hyphantoceras irregulare93.9 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Puzosia (Parapuzosia) klamathonae
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Desmoceratidae : Parapuzosia : Puzosia (Parapuzosia) klamathonae93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Oregoniceras condoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Collignoniceratidae : Subprionocyclus : Oregoniceras condoni93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anchura (Helicaulax) condoniana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Aporrhaidae : Helicaulax : Anchura (Helicaulax) condoniana93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Drilluta jacksonensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Fasciolariidae : Drilluta : Drilluta jacksonensis93.9 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Drilluta sicca
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Fasciolariidae : Drilluta : Drilluta sicca93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Diozoptyxis ursana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Campanilidae : Diozoptyxis : Diozoptyxis ursana86.3 - 83.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dentalium stentor
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : Dentalium : Dentalium stentor48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Promysidiella americana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Mysidiellidae : Promysidiella : Promysidiella americana221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Parallelodon monobensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : Parallelodon monobensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Aviculomyalina williamsi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Myalinidae : Aviculomyalina : Aviculomyalina williamsi221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Cassianella angusta
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Cassianellidae : Cassianella : Cassianella angusta221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Turritella buwaldana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella buwaldana48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Amaurellina moragai
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullinidae : Amaurellina : Amaurellina moragai48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Ranellina pilsbryi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Bursidae : Ranellina : Ranellina pilsbryi48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Whitneya ficus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Whitneya : Whitneya ficus48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Proximitra cretacea
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutomitridae : Proximitra : Proximitra cretacea56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Cylichnella tantilla
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Cylichnella : Cylichnella tantilla48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Meretrix uvasana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Meretrix : Meretrix uvasana48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Scaphites condoni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Scaphitidae : Scaphites : Scaphites condoni93.5 - 89.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyrena (Corbicula) dumblei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Corbiculidae : Corbicula : Cyrena (Corbicula) dumblei28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Purpura lima
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Purpura : Purpura lima28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Arca montereyana
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : Arca montereyana28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Nuculana parkei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana : Nuculana parkei48.6 - 37.2 Ma
Eocene
Conus remondii
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : Conus remondii41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Whitneyella sinuata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Fasciolariidae : Whitneyella : Whitneyella sinuata41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Murex (Alipurpura) coosensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Pterochelus : Murex (Alipurpura) coosensis56 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Paleobathygadus oligocenicus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Bathygadidae : Paleobathygadus : Paleobathygadus oligocenicus33.9 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Paleobathygadus zemorrianus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Bathygadidae : Paleobathygadus : Paleobathygadus zemorrianus33.9 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Promacrurus newmani
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Macrouridae : Promacrurus : Promacrurus newmani23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Promacrurus saucesianus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Macrouridae : Promacrurus : Promacrurus saucesianus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Homeocoryphaenoides chiasmacanthus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Macrouridae : Homeocoryphaenoides : Homeocoryphaenoides chiasmacanthus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Calilepidus tauxei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Gadiformes : Macrouridae : Calilepidus : Calilepidus tauxei23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Mysidioptera spinigera
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Mysidioptera : Mysidioptera spinigera221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Chlamys mojsisovicsi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : Chlamys mojsisovicsi221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Pseudolimea naumanni
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Pseudolimea : Pseudolimea naumanni221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Gladigondolella nodosa
species
Animalia : Chordata : Conodonta : Conodontophorida : Gladigondolella : Gladigondolella nodosa221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Halobia beyrichi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Halobiidae : Halobia : Halobia beyrichi237 - 208.5 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Plicatula hekiensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula : Plicatula hekiensis221.5 - 215.56 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 130 fossil localities

References

Sort by

Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Lund, K., Box, S. E., Holm-Denoma, C. S., San Juan, C. A., Blakely, R. J., Saltus, R. W., ... & Dewitt, E. H. (2015). Basement domain map of the conterminous United States and Alaska (Data Series 898, p. 48). US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey.

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

North America Plate
USA

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 27, 2024 12:33:02 Page updated: January 15, 2023 10:36:29
Go to top of page